The specificity of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) sera for histone subclasses was examined by immunoblotting. Antibodies to HI alone were found in 4 of 21 pauciarticular-onset JRA sera, 4 of 19 polyarticular-onset JRA sera, and 2 of 11 systemic-onset JRA sera. Antibodies to H5 alone were found in 1 of 21 pauciarticular JRA sera, 1 of 19 polyarticular JRA sera, and 3 of II systemic JRA sera. Antibodies to both HI and H5 were found in 4 of 21 pauciarticular JRA sera, 4 of 19 polyarticular JRA sera, and I of II systemic JRA sera. Antibodies to the core histones (H2A and H28) were found in 1 of 21 pauciarticular JRA sera, 1 of 19 polyarticular JRA sera, and no systemic JRA sera. No reactivity to histones was observed in 30 sera from age-matched children with nonrheumatic diseases. The presence of HI and H5 antibodies did not correlate with antinuclear antibody titers or with a homogeneous pattern of immunofluorescence. The predominance of HI and H5 antibodies and relative absence of antibodies binding to core histones in JRA contrast with findings in adult systemic lupus erythematosus. Further, the pres-From the