Current Measures Against Ophthalmic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus-a Short Review

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder, whose prevalence is predicted to rise shortly. The present review focuses on the various ocular complications associated with DM, and the various ophthalmic formulation approaches developed to treat the same. Diabetic macular edema (DME), diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma are some of the major vision-threatening complications linked to DM. The ocular route of drug delivery has undergone several advancements in recent decades, the introduction of various novel drug delivery systems (DDS), various modifications in the existing formulation approaches, development of custom-designed personalized medications, being some of the major developments introduced in the field of ocular drug delivery. Due to the application of state-of-the-art technologies in the field of innovations related to ocular DDS, patients have been immensely benefited by the current modes of ocular treatment imparting fewer side effects, enhanced penetration, sustained drug effect, and so on. The present review includes and emphasizes the gradual development that has occurred from the conventional ophthalmic dosage forms to the currently reported novel ocular drug delivery approaches along with the related clinical research works.

Formulation and in Vitro Characterisation of Glucose-Responsive Nanocapsules for the Delivery of M-Insulin

“…Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), also known as Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is a metabolic disease caused by the inability to produce Insulin within the body leading to hyperglycemia [1]. T1DM and the associated secondary complications such as neuropathy [2], retinopathy [3], nephropathy [4], and cardiovascular diseases [5] are the major causes of mortality.…”

Estimation of Serum Magnesium Levels and Its Correlation Among Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy

“…Diabetes causes damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, myocardium causing retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and coronary artery disease, respectively, which are all major part of public health concern and develop due to chronic high blood sugar levels. Hypomagnesemia is considered to be a marker of poor glycaemic control, yet there is a poor attention to this issue among clinicians [2,3].…”