Current Methods in Forensic Gunshot Residue Analysis

Exline, David L.; Schwoeble, A. J.

doi:10.1201/9781420042573

Cited by 96 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Several recent publications [1,2,3,4,5,6] provide a comprehensive background on some of these topics. This review will not discuss chemical methods used for restoration of erased serial numbers on firearms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in methods of chemical analysis in investigations of firearm-related events

Zeichner

2003

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

104

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A review of recent (approximately the last ten years) developments in the methods used for chemical analysis in investigations of firearm-related events is provided. This review discusses:examination of gunshot (primer) residues (GSR) and gunpowder (propellant) residues on suspects and their clothing;detection of firearm imprints on the hands of suspects;identification of the bullet entry holes and estimation of shooting distance;linking weapons and/or fired ammunition to the gunshot entries, and estimation of the time since discharge.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in methods of chemical analysis in investigations of firearm-related events

Zeichner

2003

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

104

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“…Gunshot residues derive from the propellant and the primer, the bullet, and the firearm itself. When a firearm is used, these residues can be detected close to the firearm (such as the shooter's hand or the gunshot entrance wound when the shot is fired at short distance) or within the tissues if the projectile has perforated them [1][2][3][4]. Over the years, several studies have been performed on the detection of GSR on many types of materials and by various methods, in order to give an unambiguous definition of "gunshot residues" and to evaluate which procedures are the most reliable for their recognition and analysis [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The survival of metallic residues from gunshot wounds in cremated bone: a SEM–EDX study

et al. 2012

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The research and analysis of gunshot residues has a relevant role in the examination of gunshot wounds. Nevertheless, very little literature exists concerning gunshot wounds on charred material. In this study, 16 adult bovine ribs (eight still with soft tissues and eight totally skeletonized) underwent a shooting test with two types of projectiles (9 mm full metal-jacketed bullet and 9 mm unjacketed bullet). Each rib then underwent a charring process in an electric oven, reaching the stage of complete calcination at 800°C. The area of each entrance wound was analyzed before and after the carbonization process via a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). In each sample, metallic residues composed of lead, barium, and antimony were found. These metallic residues were thus preserved also after exposure to the extremely high temperatures reached within the oven, especially with unjacketed bullets, although the particles seem to be more irregular in shape as a result of the heating process. In conclusion, this study proved that gunshot residues survive extremely high temperatures and can be detected via SEM/EDX even in cases of charred tissues.

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“…The element composition is a wellestablished point of comparison among bullet types [4]. The element contents in gunshot entry wounds and their relative contents can help the interpretation of the bullet types [1][2][3][4]. Jacketed and unjacketed (lead) bullets are common types of bullets used in forearm ammunitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gunshot residues consist of particles such as Pb, Sb, and Ba, which result from the primer vapors and shooting debris also consists of metal residues resulting from the bullet and cartridge case. The bullet usually contains Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn [1]. Fe may result from the barrel of the used gun [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in the Element Contents Between Gunshot Entry Wounds with Full-jacketed Bullet and Lead Bullet

Wunnapuk

Durongkadech

Minami

et al. 2007

Biol Trace Elem Res

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To elucidate characteristics of gunshot residues in gunshot entry wounds with full-jacketed and lead bullets, element contents in entry gunshot wounds and control skins were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). It was found that a high content of Fe and Zn was deposited in the gunshot entry wounds with full-jacketed bullet, whereas a high content of Pb was deposited in the gunshot entry wounds with lead (unjacked) bullet. It should be noted that the content of Pb was significantly higher in the gunshot entry wounds with lead bullet than in those with full-jacketed bullet. Regarding the relationships among elements, it was found that there were significant direct correlations between Pb and either Sb or Ba contents in both gunshot entry wounds with full-jacketed and lead bullets. As Pb increased in both gunshot entry wounds, Sb and Ba also increased in the wounds.

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Current Methods in Forensic Gunshot Residue Analysis

Cited by 96 publications

References 15 publications

Recent developments in methods of chemical analysis in investigations of firearm-related events

Recent developments in methods of chemical analysis in investigations of firearm-related events

The survival of metallic residues from gunshot wounds in cremated bone: a SEM–EDX study

Differences in the Element Contents Between Gunshot Entry Wounds with Full-jacketed Bullet and Lead Bullet

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