“…The QOs using active building blocks such as operational amplifier [31], second-generation current conveyor (CCII) [32][33][34], differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) [35], operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) [36], [37], [50], offer orthogonal control of CO and FO, but these structures lack the electronic tuning capability. A number of electronic-controlled third-order QOs have been reported using active building blocks such as current-controlled CCII (CCCII) [38], [39], current difference transconductance amplifier (CDTA) [40], [41], current-controlled CDTA (CCDTA) [42], current-controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCCTA) [43], [44], OTRA and MOS-C [45], DDCC and VDTA [46], [51], [52], differential voltage current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DVCCTA) [47]. They exhibit high potential for enjoying up the electronic tunability.…”