“…The ever-increasing demand for energy is a major issue in modern society, and research into alternative sustainable forms of bioenergy production is necessary due to the depletion of fossil fuels, as well as the worsening climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions [ 49 , 50 ]. The “second generation” biofuels, obtained by using lignocellulosic feedstocks (such as the SMS) or generally organic-rich industrial, agricultural and municipal wastewaters are a potential alternative for clean energy production such as biogas (biohydrogen, biomethane), bioethanol, lipids as a platform for biodiesel production, etc., compared to conventional fuels [ 35 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic biomass to produce biomethane involves a chain of chemical reactions and the presence of a microbial consortium.…”