Current Scenario of Crop Improvement of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.)] in India: A Review

Nagaraja, T.E.; Bhat, Sujata; Nandini, C.

doi:10.18805/ag.r-2545

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, the AICRP released the semi-dwarf, non-lodging cultivar GPU-67, suitable for wider adoption. Notably, around 45% of finger millet cultivars released in India, totaling about 145 varieties, from which about 45% have been developed through hybridization and selection (https://www.seednet.gov.in/; Nagaraja et al 2022).…”

Section: Early Efforts and Progress In Finger Millet Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Millets and pseudocereals: A treasure for climate resilient agriculture ensuring food and nutrition security

Nagaraja,

Parveen,

Aruna

et al. 2024

IJGPB

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Once, a staple food for civilizations and a popular feed for centuries, millets are a treasure trove of micronutrients and essential amino acids. Despite being side-lined during the Green Revolution, these small-seeded powerhouses are perfectly adapted to harsh dryland conditions such as low rainfall, drought, and high temperatures. The millets require minimal maintenance and thrive under stress, showcasing their rich genetic diversity and adaptability. However, boosting genetic gain and developing high-yielding varieties remains a challenge due to restricted research, limited genomic tools, poor market demand and accessibility to germplasm. As our climate and cropping systems are changing, millets offer a promising solution for diversification and adaptation. Beyond their impressive nutrition, they possess therapeutic benefits, making them valuable for medicinal purposes. However, the cultivation of millets, especially the minor millets, has declined due to their underutilization in daily diets. Genetic improvement and application of modern technologies are needed to increase production and integrate these millets as alternative food sources in Indian cuisine. Fortunately, growing awareness of their nutritional value, health benefits, and industrial uses is fuelling a revival. Recognizing their potential, national and international organizations are working to restore millet cultivation. The United Nations even declared 2023 as the “International Year of Millets" at Indian initiative. This review highlights the progress made in the genetic improvement of both major (sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet) and minor millets (foxtail, proso, kodo, barnyard, little and browntop millets). Additionally, pseudo-cereals like buckwheat and amaranth are included. The areas of future research have also been indicated for urgent attention and immediate action to make millets and pseudo-cereals a household food ensuring food and nutrition security and climate resilient agriculture in India.

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Section: Early Efforts and Progress In Finger Millet Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance was found in eight cultivars viz., KOPN 21, RPS 594, RPS 531, KOPN 8, RPS 745, RBK 155, RPS 630 and KOPN 22 (Jain et al 2018). Nagaraja et al (2022) reported that about 40 varieties of kodo millets have been released in India.…”

Section: Kodo Millet (Kodo) Paspalum Scrobiculatum L 2n=4x=40mentioning

confidence: 99%

Millets and pseudocereals: A treasure for climate resilient agriculture ensuring food and nutrition security

Nagaraja,

Parveen,

Aruna

et al. 2024

IJGPB

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“…The increased humidity ensures the emergence of anthers from the florets without dispersing pollen in the polythene bag. These pollens are collected and dusted on the emasculated female panicle by tapping ( Nagaraja et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Finger Milletmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial hybridization techniques in small millets—A review

et al. 2023

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Small millets are nutri-rich, climate-resilient food and fodder crops. They include finger millet, proso millet, foxtail millet, little millet, kodo millet, browntop millet, and barnyard millet. They are self-pollinated crops and belong to the family Poaceae. Hence, to widen the genetic base, the creation of variation through artificial hybridization is a prerequisite. Floral morphology, size, and anthesis behavior cause major hindrances in recombination breeding through hybridization. Manual emasculation of florets is practically very difficult; therefore, the contact method of hybridization is widely followed. However, the success rate of obtaining true F1s is 2% to 3%. In finger millet, hot water treatment (52°C) for 3 to 5 min causes temporal male sterility. Chemicals such as maleic hydrazide, gibberellic acid, and ethrel at different concentrations aid in inducing male sterility in finger millet. Partial-sterile (PS) lines developed at the Project Coordinating Unit, Small Millets, Bengaluru are also in use. The percent seed set in crosses derived from PS lines ranged from 27.4 to 49.4, with an average of 40.10%. In proso millet, little millet, and browntop millet, apart from contact method, hot water treatment, hand emasculation, and the USSR method of hybridization are also followed. A newly developed modified crossing method known as the Small Millets University of Agricultural Sciences Bengaluru (SMUASB) method in proso and little millets has a success rate of 56% to 60% in obtaining true hybrids. Hand emasculation and pollination under the greenhouse and growth chamber in foxtail millet with a success rate of 75% seed set is suggested. In barnyard millet, hot water treatment (48°C to 52°C) for 5 min followed by the contact method is often practiced. Kodo millet being cleistogamous, mutation breeding is widely followed to create variation. Most commonly, hot water treatment is followed in finger millet and barnyard millet, SMUASB in proso, and little millet. Although no specific method is suitable for all small millets, it is essential to identify a trouble-free technique that produces maximum crossed seeds in all the small millets.

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“…"High in dietary fiber: Finger millet is a good source of dietary fiber, which aids in digestion, promotes satiety, and helps maintain healthy blood sugar levels) [3][4][5][6]. Finger millet is naturally gluten-free, making it a suitable alternative grain for individuals with gluten intolerance or celiac disease" [7,8,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity Analysis for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)

Charitha,

Lal

2023

IJPSS

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The present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic diversity in 37 finger millet genotypes for 15 quantitative traits during Kharif, 2022 at Field Experimentation Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agricxulture Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh in Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The analysis of variance for mean sum of squares due to genotypes showed significant differences for all the 15 quantitative characters. The genotype, IE-184 followed by IE-195, IE-185, IE-191, IE-199, IE-180 exhibited highest grain Yield per Plant, while IE-111, IE-150, IE-169, IE-170, IE-175, IE-168 genotypes are early in maturity. Whereas, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were found high for flag leaf length, number of productive tillers, number of fingers per ear, finger length. High heritability and high Genetic advance were recorded in plant height, flag leaf length, ear width, number of fingers per ear, finger width. Clustering by Tocher’s Method has grouped all 37 genotypes into 6 clusters, in which Cluster-I contains more (16) genotypes and Cluster-IV, Cluster-V, Cluster-VI contains less (1) genotypes. According to Mahalanobis Euclidean Distance (not to scale), the maximum Inter-Cluster distance is recorded between Cluster-I and Cluster-VI (10.52) followed by Cluster-II and Cluster-V (10.44), Cluster-II & Cluster-III (9.35), Cluster-II & Cluster-IV (9.21). Plant height followed by grain yield per plant and days to 50% flowering traits contributes the highest percentage towards the overall divergence among the genotypes. Hence the selection of genotypes based on the above-mentioned characters and Inter Cluster Distance will be useful for crop improvement in Finger Millet.

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Current Scenario of Crop Improvement of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.)] in India: A Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Millets and pseudocereals: A treasure for climate resilient agriculture ensuring food and nutrition security

Millets and pseudocereals: A treasure for climate resilient agriculture ensuring food and nutrition security

Artificial hybridization techniques in small millets—A review

Genetic Diversity Analysis for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)

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