Current State of Targeted Radiometal-Based Constructs for the Detection and Treatment of Disease in the Brain

Abstract

The continual development of radiopharmaceutical agents for the field of nuclear medicine is integral to promoting the necessity of personalized medicine. One way to greatly expand the selection of radiopharmaceuticals available is to broaden the range of radionuclides employed in such agents. Widening the scope of development to include radiometals with their variety of physical decay characteristics and chemical properties opens up a myriad of possibilities for new actively targeted molecules and bioconjugates. This is especially true to further advance the imaging and treatment of disease in the brain. Over the past few decades, imaging of disease in the brain has heavily relied on agents which exploit metabolic uptake. However, through utilizing the broad range of physical characteristics that radiometals offer, the ability to target other processes has become more available. The varied chemistries of radiometals also allows for them to incorporated into specifically designed diverse constructs. A major limitation to efficient treatment of disease in the brain is the ability for relevant agents to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Thus, along with efficient disease targeting, there must be intentional thought put into overcoming this challenge. Here, we review the current field of radiometal-based agents aimed at either imaging or therapy of brain disease that have been evaluated through at least in vivo studies.

Detection of Dopamine Receptors Using Nanoscale Dendrimer for Potential Application in Targeted Delivery and Whole-Body Imaging: Synthesis and In Vivo Organ Distribution

“…The use of dendrimer complexes as a contrast agent increases the stability of imaging agents in the body and leads to the generation of clear and high quality images. , Because of the poor permeability of the blood-brain barrier, the agents that are used in brain tumor imaging have limited functionality. , Given this limitation, low-grade tumors remain undetected. Using imaging agents that are attached to a dendrimer, it is possible to obtain clear images of the brain tumor . Therefore, dendrimers have created numerous opportunities in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry .…”

“…Using imaging agents that are attached to a dendrimer, it is possible to obtain clear images of the brain tumor. 27 Therefore, dendrimers have created numerous opportunities in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. 28 These nanostructures are utilized in various applications, including the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as cancer.…”