Current Status and Bottle Neck of Octopod Aquaculture: The Case of American Species

Abstract

The increasing market demand for cephalopods and the experiences obtained with different species has boosted the interest in developing their culture in Latin America. In 2008, an international workshop was held in Puerto Montt, Chile, with 14 experts in experimental cephalopods aquaculture from Brazil, Chile, Spain, and Mexico. Several topics were approached within the holobenthic species Octopus maya and the merobenthic species Enteroctopus megalocyathus, Octopus vulgaris, and Robsonella fontaniana. Part of the conclusions demonstrated that the two greatest difficulties for their production were survival of paralarvae for merobenthic species, and survival of early juveniles for holobenthic species . Besides, there is a need to study the endogenous and exogenous factors affecting health and nutritional status of embryos, paralarvae, and juveniles. These stages, which may limit the culture, should be extensively studied in order to develop the appropriate environmental conditions and culture systems for the physiological and behavioral requirements, from egg incubation up to juveniles to reach a grow-out phase.

Analysis of bacterial community and bacterial nutritional enzyme activity associated with the digestive tract of wild Chilean octopus (Octopus mimusGould, 1852)

“…This is because metabolic change in female octopus occurred before and during egg-laying period (Carrasco & Guisado 2010). Moreover, Uriarte, Iglesias, Domingues, Rosas, Viana, Navarro, Seixas, Vidal, Ausburger, Pereda, Godoy, Paschke, Far ıas, Olivares and Zuñiga (2011) reported that the O. mimus reproduced throughout the year, with one or two seasonal peaks of mature females. In this study, we did not analyse the digestive tract content and how the different feed influence the bacterial community and enzyme activity; therefore, further experiments are needed involving octopus rearing.…”

Effects of temperature on embryo development and metabolism of O. maya

“…There have been many attempts raise these species by aquaculture. Each species has biological characteristics which impose different research and technological challenges for management of paralarvae, juveniles and broodstock, including nutrition Navarro and Villanueva, 2003;Seixas et al, 2008Seixas et al, , 2010Villanueva, 1995), culture of embryos and paralarvae (Iglesias et al, 2007;Iglesisas and Fuentes, 2014;Uriarte et al, 2014;Vidal et al, 2014), type of tanks Uriarte et al, 2011), seed density (Domingues et al, 2010;Rosas et al, 2014b), and water quality (Uriarte et al, 2015), among others, which have been the subject of research since the second half of the twentieth century (for reviews, see Uriarte et al, 2011;Vidal et al, 2014).…”

Effect of starvation on the performance of baby octopus (Robsonella fontaniana) paralarvae

“…The culture of planktonic octopuses paralarval stages is characterized by a high mortality rate, which has so far hampered the production of merobenthic juvenile's species under controlled culture conditions (Uriarte, Iglesias, et al., ). The main cause of cephalopod paralarvae mortality seems to be the lack of appropriate food, that is food containing the required nutrients, prey's size, taste and movement behaviour to stimulate the predation activity (Iglesias et al., ; Uriarte, Farías, Paschke, Navarro & Rosas, ; Uriarte, Iglesias, et al., ; Villanueva, Nozais & Boletzky, ). Octopuses are strict carnivores that become cannibals as strategy to survive (Ibañez & Keyl, ) when there is a density imbalance or food is not availability (Miranda, Espinoza, Dörner, Farías & Uriarte, ).…”