Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries

Varzi, Alberto; Thanner, Katharina; Scipioni, Roberto; Lecce, Daniele Di; Hassoun, Jusef; Dörfler, Susanne; Altheus, Holger; Kaskel, Stefan; Prehal, Christian; Freunberger, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803

Cited by 132 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 390 publications

(571 reference statements)

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“…As far as exciting and promising these technologies are, the technology readiness level (TRL) should be strongly taken into account when comparing different technologies, as some of them may not be ready for some time yet. According to the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET‐Plan) Action 7 for 2030, [ 8 ] Li–air or rather Li–O 2 batteries have so far the lowest TRL level. Solid‐state batteries, despite the tremendous attention they have gained, still remain mainly in the laboratory in the form of a small pouch cells at best.…”

Section: Lithium–sulfur Battery Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Above a certain sulfur amount, the current density is increased, [ 38 ] causing dendrite formation, or mossy lithium growth is accelerated. [ 8,23 ]…”

Section: Lithium–sulfur Battery Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Above a certain sulfur amount, the current density is increased, [38] causing dendrite formation, or mossy lithium growth is accelerated. [8,23] The development of a stable and reversible lithium metal electrode is of utmost importance for high-energy battery research, [39,40] and it provides the greatest opportunity to improve the performance of Li-S battery technology. It is noteworthy that the generic development of this component is also required for other next-generation battery systems including Li metal-NMC systems and high-energy solid-state battery systems.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23,42,51,52] In regards to the lithium anode, promising material concepts such as conductive or in-conductive frameworks, ionically conductive coatings, spacer concepts, and in situ solid electrolyte interfaces by special electrolyte additives have been developed and analyzed. [8,46,53] To bring these material concepts into prototype cells, dead volume and additional inactive material weight or volume need consideration. Coatings should be ionically conductive and maintain a certain mechanical flexibility.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress and Emerging Application Areas for Lithium–Sulfur Battery Technology

et al. 2020

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With the ever-increasing need for electrification across many application sectors, the development of new energy-storage technologies is of increasing relevance and critical importance. Electrification is progressing significantly within the traditional transportation sectors such as electric bikes, cars, buses, and other commercial vehicles, enabled by continued cell development and Gigafactory-scale mass production of Li-ion battery (LIB) technology. However, two key factors are starting to drive the need for new solutions to be found. One factor is the secure supply of key elements-mainly cobalt and nickelused in most of the conventional Li-ion cells which are becoming increasingly critical. The other is the performance requirements of desirable emerging application areas that are beyond the capabilities of traditional LIB technology. Examples include large commercial vehicles, [1] high-altitude long endurance (HALE), high-altitude pseudosatellites (HAPS), electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL), [2] and electric passenger aircraft. The weight of the battery system (BSM) is an especially critical factor for these aviation applications. The battery systems' performance requirements differ across these applications: power, cycle life, system cost, etc. However, the need for a high gravimetric energy density, 400 Wh kg À1 and beyond, is common across them all. Higher energy battery systems will enable these vehicles to achieve extended range, a longer mission duration, lighter vehicle weight, or increased payload. In the following sections, key advantages, limitations, and progress made to extend cycle life, energy, power, and safety of Li-S battery management systems (BMS) are described. Further, recent advances regarding modeling, battery system management, and the integration of Li-S batteries into present as well as future real-world applications are summarized. 2. Lithium-Sulfur Battery Technology 2.1. Advantages LIB systems are the current technology of choice for many applications; however, the achievable specific energy reaches a maximum at around 240-300 Wh kg À1 at the cell level. [3] Emerging

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Section: Lithium–sulfur Battery Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Above a certain sulfur amount, the current density is increased, [ 38 ] causing dendrite formation, or mossy lithium growth is accelerated. [ 8,23 ]…”

Section: Lithium–sulfur Battery Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress and Emerging Application Areas for Lithium–Sulfur Battery Technology

et al. 2020

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“…Rechargeable lithium-metal batteries are considered the next great leap forward toward higher energy densities [1]. Nevertheless, the severe risk of lithium dendrite formation, potentially causing a short circuit of the cell, and the continuous electrolyte decomposition at the electrode|electrolyte interface have so far hampered the commercial exploitation of such batteries-with one little exception: lithium-polymer batteries comprising an electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte for Li||LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 batteries—impact of the anodic cutoff voltage and ambient temperature

Steinle

Chen

Nguyen

et al. 2021

J Solid State Electrochem

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Polymer-based electrolytes potentially enable enhanced safety and increased energy density of lithium-metal batteries employing high capacity, transition metal oxide–positive electrodes. Herein, we report the investigation of lithium-metal battery cells comprising Li[Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2]O2 as active material for the positive electrode and a poly(arylene ether sulfone)-based single-ion conductor as the electrolyte incorporating ethylene carbonate (EC) as selectively coordinating molecular transporter. The resulting lithium-metal battery cells provide very stable cycling for more than 300 cycles accompanied by excellent average Coulombic efficiency (99.95%) at an anodic cutoff potential of 4.2 V. To further increase the achievable energy density, the stepwise increase to 4.3 V and 4.4 V is herein investigated, highlighting that the polymer electrolyte offers comparable cycling stability, at least, as common liquid organic electrolytes. Moreover, the impact of temperature and the EC content on the rate capability is evaluated, showing that the cells with a higher EC content offer a capacity retention at 2C rate equal to 61% of the capacity recorded at 0.05 C at 60 °C.

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From Lithium‐Metal toward Anode‐Free Solid‐State Batteries: Current Developments, Issues, and Challenges

Heubner

Maletti

Auer

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

151

104

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Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries

Cited by 132 publications

References 390 publications

Recent Progress and Emerging Application Areas for Lithium–Sulfur Battery Technology

Recent Progress and Emerging Application Areas for Lithium–Sulfur Battery Technology

Single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte for Li||LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 batteries—impact of the anodic cutoff voltage and ambient temperature

From Lithium‐Metal toward Anode‐Free Solid‐State Batteries: Current Developments, Issues, and Challenges

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