From Lithium‐Metal toward Anode‐Free Solid‐State Batteries: Current Developments, Issues, and Challenges

Heubner, Christian; Maletti, Sebastian; Auer, Henry; Hüttl, Juliane; Voigt, Karsten D.; Lohrberg, Oliver; Nikolowski, Kristian; Partsch, Mareike; Michaelis, Alexander

doi:10.1002/adfm.202106608

Cited by 151 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 252 publications

(341 reference statements)

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“…Unlike the Li/LATP/Li cell that fails in the first cycle, the LFP/LATP/Li cell is able to work, because LFP/LATP interface is intact though the Li/LATP interface is destroyed due to incompatibility. LFP/LATP/Li seems like an anode-free Li metal cell, [42,43] wherein the LFP acts as lithium source and the corroded Li can serve as the substrate for Li plating-stripping. The Li/LATP/Li delivers an initial specific capacity of 135.9 mA h g -1 at 0.1 C with oblique voltage profiles (Figure 5a), which further remarkably drops to 72.8 mA h g -1 after 50 cycles with a low capacity retention of 53.5%.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performance Of Solid-state Batteries Using L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Nitride‐Based Release Agent Coating Stabilizes Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃/Li Interface with Superior Lean‐Lithium Electrochemical Performance and Thermal Stability

Zhu

Wang

Wu³

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON)-type Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP) is one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) owing to its high Li-ion conductivity, high stability with air, and low cost. However, LATP is less widely deployed due to its high incompatibility with lithium metal. Herein, a facile and inexpensive spray-coating approach is proposed to construct a thin 3D organic/inorganic composite layer of a commercial boron nitride-based release agent (BNRA) onto LATP. Apart from protecting LATP, this interfacial BNRA layer enables Li-ion migration through BN defects and affords low resistance at BNRA/Li interface due to in situ formation of Li-N. Compared to bare LATP, which fails to support Li stripping-plating process in a lean-lithium Li/Li symmetric cell (2 µm), BNRA-LATP runs for ≈1800 h. The assembled lean-lithium LiFePO 4 (LFP)/BNRA-LATP/Li solid state batteries (SSBs) deliver a specific capacity of 150.9 mA h g -1 at 0.5 C with minor capacity decay after 500 cycles. Besides, the BNRA layer eliminates thermal runaway risks of LATP-based SSBs by fast in-plane thermal dispersion. This work demonstrates a facile LATP-protection strategy regarding Li incompatibility and thermal runway issues, and pinpoints the interfacial formation mechanism, fulfilling the pursuit of high-performance low-cost SSEs.

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Section: Electrochemical Performance Of Solid-state Batteries Using L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Nitride‐Based Release Agent Coating Stabilizes Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃/Li Interface with Superior Lean‐Lithium Electrochemical Performance and Thermal Stability

Zhu

Wang

Wu³

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…For example, using Si or Li (N/P = 1.2) as the anode material instead of graphite increases the low rate GED from 205 to 284 and 301 Wh kg -1 , respectively (for VED data see Supporting Information). In anode-free (zero Li excess) configuration, [26] the low rate GED and VED approach 310 Wh kg -1 and 1006 Wh L -1 , respectively. Sensitivity studies of this kind can be used to assess the usefulness of optimization approaches.…”

Section: Application Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Active Materials to Battery Cells: A Straightforward Tool to Determine Performance Metrics and Support Developments at an Application‐Relevant Level

Heubner

Voigt

Marcinkowski

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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batteries are currently the most powerful energy storage technology, particularly for powering mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles. [1][2][3] Improved Li-ion batteries and alternatives, such as Li-metal batteries, [4] Li-S batteries, [5] and solid-state batteries, [6] have the potential to effectively address current civilization challenges such as global warming, environmental pollution, and depletion of fossil fuel resources, paving the way to a sustainable future. To this end, academia and industry around the world are conducting intensive research into various ways to improve existing batteries or bring novel concepts into application. The development of advanced materials and electrodes is one of the most important steps in this process. [7][8][9][10] On a daily basis, reports of improved active materials or electrode architectures that significantly outperform established batteries are published in the scientific literature. However, the transfer of these innovations into practical application is rather rare. This may be due to difficulties in scaling the corresponding production routes to an industrially relevant level. Another possible reason is that promising performance metrics at the material level are not achieved in practical batteries, due to the different definition of performance parameters at the different technological levels, i.e., material, electrode, cell, system, etc.Various renowned scientists have already addressed these shortcomings in the presentation of performance data of new battery materials and electrodes in scientific literature [6,[11][12][13][14][15] and explicitly alert that extraordinary power claims for components used in batteries often do not hold up at the device level. These authors emphasize that reporting energy and power densities per weight of active material or electrode alone does not provide a realistic picture of the performance that an assembled device could achieve because it does not consider the weight of other necessary components. For example, it is well known that the rate capability scales with the electrode thickness. [16][17][18] Very thin electrodes (<20 µm) can be charged in a few minutes whereas thick electrodes (>100 µm) need several hours to achieve full capacity. When considering the specific capacity obtained at high rates in terms of mAh g -1 with respect to the mass of active material, the thin electrodes clearly outperform the thick ones. However, considering the power density Large-scale electrochemical energy storage is considered one of the crucial steps toward a sustainable energy economy. Science and industry worldwide are conducting intensive research into various ways to improve existing battery concepts or transferring novel concepts to application. The development of materials and electrodes is an essential step in this process. However, the evaluation of the achieved performance parameters and the comparison of the different studies at this technological level with regard to practical applications is challenging, since spec...

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“…[ 25 ] As for Li metal anode, it has attracted significant attention due to its high capacity, but it suffers from dendritic growth, big volume changes, and so forth. [ 26 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25] As for Li metal anode, it has attracted significant attention due to its high capacity, but it suffers from dendritic growth, big volume changes, and so forth. [26] Liquid metals (LMs) usually have self-healing, fluid, and metallic features, exhibiting a significant potential for protecting the abovementioned electrode materials during the discharge-charge process. [27,28] To successfully employ the LMs in LIBs, LMs should have a related low melting point, exhibiting the liquid state at or near room temperature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallium‐based liquid metals for lithium‐ion batteries

Zhang

Ren

Wang

et al. 2022

Interdisciplinary Materials

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Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most exciting inventions of the 20th century and have been widely employed in modern society. LIBs have powered many of our electronics, such as laptop computers, smartphones, and even large‐scale energy storage systems. With the development of modern technology, next‐generation LIBs with higher energy density are in demand. A number of electrode materials with high theoretical capacity, including Sn, Si, Li metal anode, and S cathode materials, have been explored. Nevertheless, they usually suffer from structural or interface failure during cycling, limiting their practical application. Ga‐based liquid metals (LMs) possess self‐healing capability, fluidity, and metallic advantages so they have been employed as self‐healing skeletons or interfacial protective layers to minimize the negative impact of volume expansion or dendritic growth on the electrode materials. Herein, the features of Ga‐based LMs are briefly discussed to indicate their potential for battery systems. In addition, recent developments on Ga‐based LMs applied in LIBs have been summarized, including from the aspects of anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes. Finally, future opportunities and challenges for the development of Ga‐based LMs in LIBs are highlighted.

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From Lithium‐Metal toward Anode‐Free Solid‐State Batteries: Current Developments, Issues, and Challenges

Abstract: Rechargeable batteries with high energy density, long cycle life, and low cost are considered key enablers for sustainable consumer electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and smart grid energy storage. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been emerged

Cited by 151 publications

References 252 publications

Boron Nitride‐Based Release Agent Coating Stabilizes Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃/Li Interface with Superior Lean‐Lithium Electrochemical Performance and Thermal Stability

Boron Nitride‐Based Release Agent Coating Stabilizes Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃/Li Interface with Superior Lean‐Lithium Electrochemical Performance and Thermal Stability

From Active Materials to Battery Cells: A Straightforward Tool to Determine Performance Metrics and Support Developments at an Application‐Relevant Level

Gallium‐based liquid metals for lithium‐ion batteries

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From Lithium‐Metal toward Anode‐Free Solid‐State Batteries: Current Developments, Issues, and Challenges

Abstract: Rechargeable batteries with high energy density, long cycle life, and low cost are considered key enablers for sustainable consumer electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and smart grid energy storage. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been emerged

Cited by 151 publications

References 252 publications

Boron Nitride‐Based Release Agent Coating Stabilizes Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3/Li Interface with Superior Lean‐Lithium Electrochemical Performance and Thermal Stability

Boron Nitride‐Based Release Agent Coating Stabilizes Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3/Li Interface with Superior Lean‐Lithium Electrochemical Performance and Thermal Stability

From Active Materials to Battery Cells: A Straightforward Tool to Determine Performance Metrics and Support Developments at an Application‐Relevant Level

Gallium‐based liquid metals for lithium‐ion batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Boron Nitride‐Based Release Agent Coating Stabilizes Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃/Li Interface with Superior Lean‐Lithium Electrochemical Performance and Thermal Stability

Boron Nitride‐Based Release Agent Coating Stabilizes Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃/Li Interface with Superior Lean‐Lithium Electrochemical Performance and Thermal Stability