Current Status and Outlook in the Application of Microalgae in Biodiesel Production and Environmental Protection

Zhang, Xin; Rong, Junfeng; Chen, Hui; He, Chenliu; Wang, Qiang

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2014.00032

Cited by 75 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…Relatively high lipid yields and biomass productivity can be attained through heterotrophic or mixotrophic cultivation methods, providing good opportunities for large-scale production. However, the limited number of available heterotrophic or mixotrophic algal species, potential contamination by bacteria, inhibition of growth by soluble organic substrates at low concentrations, and high cost of nutrient medium are the main factors limiting large-scale production [44]. Microalgae are primarily cultured on open ponds or in closed photobioreactors (PBRs) for large-scale production.…”

Section: High Capital and Operating Costs Hamper Commercial-scale Algmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The traditional harvesting method usually involves two steps, bulk harvesting (also known as primary harvesting) to separate microalgae from their growth medium, by methods such as sedimentation, flocculation, and floatation, and thickening (known as secondary dewatering) to concentrate the microalgal slurry after bulk harvesting, by methods such as centrifugation and filtration [44,49]. Among these bulk harvesting methods, flocculation is frequently used to increase the efficiency of gravity sedimentation [34].…”

Section: High Capital and Operating Costs Hamper Commercial-scale Algmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microalgal biofuel revisited: An informatics-based analysis of developments to date and future prospects

et al. 2015

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Section: High Capital and Operating Costs Hamper Commercial-scale Algmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High Capital and Operating Costs Hamper Commercial-scale Algmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgal biofuel revisited: An informatics-based analysis of developments to date and future prospects

et al. 2015

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“…Triacylglycerol (TAG) is a neutral lipid synthesized from fatty acids (Andre et al 2012) and is the principal lipid component in Chlorella. TAG contains fatty acids with carbon numbers from 14 to 20 (Zhang et al 2014). These fatty acids have attracted attention as biodiesel feedstock (Chisti 2007, Liu et al 2010.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Simple Method for Measuring the Starch and Lipid Contents in the Cell of Microalgae

et al. 2015

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SummaryWe used a microplate-based method to quantify microalgal lipids with Nile Red staining and a fluorescence microplate reader. However, a method to quantify starch that combines microplates with staining has not been reported. Therefore, we examined microplate-based quantification of lipids using Nile Red staining and of starch using Lugol staining. Neither starch nor lipids accumulated during the zero phase of cultured Parachlorella kessleri, only starch accumulated during the starch phase, and starch was subsequently lost and lipids accumulated during the oil phase. The quantities of starch and lipids were measured using a microplate-based method, which indicated linear production of starch and lipids within limited ranges (lipids, 0.071-0.380 g mL 1 ; starch, 155-404 mg mL 1 ) when standard curves were prepared for lipids extracted with methyl tertiary-butyl ether and for starch extracted with anthrone. The concentration of starch produced during the starch phase was 0.59 mg mL 1 and that of lipids during the oil phase was 2.49 mg mL 1. The concentration of starch produced was 0.05-0.13 mg mL 1 during phases other than the starch phase, and lipids were not detected other than during the oil phase because lipid contents were approximated based on the quantity of triacylglycerol, which stains with Nile Red.

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“…In contrast, spray drying can be used for high-value Table 5. Comparison of microalgal harvesting and drying methods (Taher et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2014). products but has the disadvantages of being expensive and possibly significantly deteriorating the algae.…”

Section: Drying Of Microalgae Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An isolated Chlorella vulgaris was used in butanol fermentation with a Clostridium acetobutylicum via ABE fermentation. 3.37 g/L butanol was produced from 111 g of acid-pretreated biomass of Chlorella vulgaris (Wang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Biobutanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Microalgae and Their Applications in CO2 Capture and Renewable Energy

Klinthong

Yang

Huang

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

215

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Fossil fuels, which are recognized as unsustainable sources of energy, are continuously consumed and decreased with increasing fuel demands. Microalgae have great potential as renewable fuel sources because they possess rapid growth rate and the ability to store high-quality lipids and carbohydrates inside their cells for biofuel production. Microalgae can be cultivated on opened or closed systems and require nutrients and CO 2 that may be supplied from wastewater and fossil fuel combustion. In addition, CO 2 capture via photosynthesis to directly fix carbon into microalgae has also attracted the attention of researchers. The conversion of CO 2 into chemical and fuel (energy) products without pollution via this approach is a promising way to not only reduce CO 2 emissions but also generate more economic value. The harvested microalgal biomass can be converted into biofuel products, such as biohydrogen, biodiesel, biomethanol, bioethanol, biobutanol and biohydrocarbons. Thus, microalgal cultivation can contribute to CO 2 fixation and can be a source of biofuels. This article reviews the literature on microalgae that were cultivated using captured CO 2 , technologies related to the production of biofuels from microalgae and the possible commercialization of microalgae-based biofuels to demonstrate the potential of microalgae. In this respect, a number of relevant topics are addressed: the nature of microalgae (e.g., species and composition); CO 2 capture via microalgae; the techniques for microalgal cultivation, harvesting and pretreatment; and the techniques for lipid extraction and biofuel production. The strategies for biofuel commercialization are proposed as well.

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Current Status and Outlook in the Application of Microalgae in Biodiesel Production and Environmental Protection

Cited by 75 publications

References 145 publications

Microalgal biofuel revisited: An informatics-based analysis of developments to date and future prospects

Microalgal biofuel revisited: An informatics-based analysis of developments to date and future prospects

A Simple Method for Measuring the Starch and Lipid Contents in the Cell of Microalgae

A Review: Microalgae and Their Applications in CO2 Capture and Renewable Energy

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