Current Status of Ketamine Anaesthesia

Bovill, J. G.; Coppel, D. L.; Dundee, J. W.; Moore, J. George

doi:10.1097/00132586-197208000-00035

Cited by 18 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Power analysis estimation was based the onset time of Group S (163.6± 32.6 sec) and Group K (116.4±30.8 sec.) in our Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2012;32 (2) 403 Anesthesiology and Reanimation Abduşoğlu et al…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6]15 Ketamine may potentialize the effects of d-tubocurarine, pancuronium, atracurium and vecuronium depending on the dose in primates; however, these effects on acetylcholine receptors were found to occur before the junction. 1,16 Maleque et al 7 concluded that the open forms of ionic channels that were activated with acetylcholine in frogs, interacted with ketamine and blocked neuromuscular transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The effects of ketamine on the neuromuscular junction was attributed to the blockade of the open conformations of acetylcholine-dependent ion channels in motor end plates in vitro, but this explanation was not clarified in vivo conditions. 7,8 Propofol is found to be effective in improvement of intubation conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effects of a Subhypnotic Dose of Ketamine on Neuromuscular Block Characteristics of Rocuronium and Intubation Quality

Abduşoğlu¹,

Turan²,

Yurtlu³

et al. 2012

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T OOb bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of a subhypnotic dose of ketamine on the neuromuscular block characteristics of rocuronium and intubation quality. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : Sixty patients in ASA I-II risk group were included in the study. Group S received 5 mL of 0.9% saline and Group K received 0.5 mg.kg -1 ketamine in 5 mL volume, one minute before induction. Both groups had anesthesia induction with a propofol dose of 2.5 mg.kg -1 (Propofol 1%, Fresenius Kabi). This was considered as anesthesia start time. After 1 min, a control single twitch stimulus (0.1 Hz) was applied and recorded. All patients were given 0.6 mg.kg -1 rocuronium (Esmeron ® 50 mg.5 ml -1 N.V. Organon, Oss, Holland) in 5 sec. When the single twitch response was depressed 100%, the patient was intubated and the full depression time (onset time) was noted. Anesthesia maintenance was achieved with O 2 /N 2 O and sevoflurane. Following the intubation, the application of train-of -four (TOF) stimulation was started. When the TOF ratio reached to 20%, rocuronium was repeated at a dose of 0.2 mg.kg . Clinical duration (T25), recovery index (T25-75) and spontaneous recovery time to TOF > 0.9 were recorded. Intubation conditions were assessed by using the scale of Fuchs-Buder. The additional drugs used during the operation and neuromuscular blocker amounts were recorded. The hemodynamic values of both groups were recorded throughout the study. Postoperative recovery times, visual analogue pain scores (VAS) and Ramsay sedation scores were also recorded. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : The time for 100% depression of single twitch in Group K was shorter than that of Group S (p<0.05). The clinical duration, recovery index and spontaneous recovery duration of the first dose of rocuronium were longer in Group K compared to Group S (p<0.05). There was no difference between the total neuromuscular blocker amounts of the study groups. There was no significant difference between the groups according to intubation scores (p>0.05), recovery times (p>0.05), VAS scores, Ramsay sedation scores or mean arterial pressure values. When the mean heart rate values of the groups were compared, all values of Group K were higher than those of Group S except control and 60 th min values (p<0.001). C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : According to our findings, ketamine in a subhypnotic dose shortens the onset time of rocuronium block and extends the clinical duration of first dose of rocuronium without improving the intubation quality.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Ketamine; propofol; rocuronium Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Bu çalışmada subhipnotik doz ketaminin rokuronyumun nöromusküler blok özellikleri ve entübasyon kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçladık. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : ASA I-II risk grubundaki 60 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Grup S'ye 5 mL %0,9 serum fizyolojik verildi, Grup K'ya indüksiyondan bir dakika önce 5 mL 0,5 mg.kg -1 ketami...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of a Subhypnotic Dose of Ketamine on Neuromuscular Block Characteristics of Rocuronium and Intubation Quality

Abduşoğlu¹,

Turan²,

Yurtlu³

et al. 2012

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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“…The rapid onset of induction following the administration of ketamine could be attributed to the ability of ketamine to cross the blood-brain-barrier in one -armbrain circulation (Bovil et al, 1971) and the antagonistic action at the N-methyl D-aspartate receptors in the cortical area of the brain and spinal cord (Kawamata et al, 2000 andMazar et al, 2005). The mean total number of additional doses of ketamine used in group I, group II and group III were 5.00 ± 0.36, 1.66 ± 0.33 and 2.00 ± 0.36 respectively for a mean duration of 15 ± 1.04 minutes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesic and adjunct actions of nalbuphine hydrochloride in xylazine or xylazine and acepromazine premedicated horses

Kulkarni

William

George

et al. 2015

IJAR

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The study was conducted in eighteen clinical cases of horses for diagnostic and surgical procedures requiring general anaesthesia were randomly divided into three groups, group I, group II and group III, each consisting of six cases. All the horses were premedicated with glycopyrrolate at the dose rate of 0.02 mg/kg body weight, intravenously. Horses in Group I and Group II were administered xylazine hydrochloride at the dose rate of 1.10 mg/kg body weight intravenously, whereas in Group III at the dose rate of 0.50 mg/kg body weight intravenously. In Group III, acepromazine was injected after xylazine administration, at the dose rate of 0.02mg/kg body weight, intravenously. Before induction of anaesthesia, nalbuphine hydrochloride was administered for Group II and Group III at the dose rate of 0.75 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Ketamine hydrochloride was administered intravenously to induce anaesthesia at the dose rate of 2.20 mg/kg body weight and maintained with 0.50 mg/kg body weight in required cases to maintain for duration of 15 ± 1.04 minutes. The mean time for induction in group I, group II and group III were 1.78 ± 0.27, 1.73 ± 0.10 and 1.85 ± 0.28 minutes respectively. The mean total number of additional doses of ketamine for standard duration of 15 ± 1.04 minutes surgery required in group I, group II and group III were 5.00 ± 0.36, 1.66 ± 0.33 and 2.00 ± 0.36 respectively. The quality of induction was 100 per cent smooth in group III, 83.33 per cent smooth and 16.67 per cent rough in group II and 66.66 per cent smooth and 33.34 per cent rough in group I. The quality of analgesia in group I, group II and group III were 2.83 ± 0.47, 1.83 ± 0.30 and 1.33 ± 0.21 respectively. The quality of muscle relaxation in group I, group II and group III were 3.16 ± 0.30, 1.50 ± 0.22 and 1.33 ± 0.21 respectively. The mean time for recovery in group I, group II and group III were 23.00 ± 1.52, 33.00 ± 0.93 and 41.98 ± 1.32 minutes respectively. The mean number of attempts for unassisted standing in group I, group II and group III were 6.66 ± 0.71, 5.00 ± 0.57 and 5.00 ± 0.36 respectively. The quality of recovery was 83.33 per cent smooth and 16.67 per cent rough in group III, 66.66 per cent smooth and 33.34 per cent rough in group II and 50.00 per cent smooth and 50.00 per cent rough in group I. None of the animals in any groups showed any intra and post operative complication.

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“…Bovill et al [8] con cluded that the rate of administration and the dose of ketamine used correlates well with the degree of ketamine-induced hyper tension. In our study, ketamine given in the form of an intravenous infusion with a small initial dose and a small maintenance dose was associated with a statistically significant elevation in both arterial blood pressure and pulse rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion as an Analgesic for Vaginal Delivery

Youssef

Shafi

Alfy

1990

Med Principles Pract

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Ketamine hydrochloride in low-dose infusion was used as an analgesic drug for 44 mothers who underwent normal vaginal delivery. The mean initial dose required was 30.0 mg (SD 10.5), and the mean maintenance dose given was 22.5 µg/kg/min (SD 8.6). Good analgesia, increased uterine activity and an insignificant decrease in the duration of the second stage of labour were noted. Fetal welfare was unimpaired as judged by the high Apgar score at 1 and 5 min after birth and the excellent neurobehavioural status. The main side effects recorded were a significant increase in arterial blood pressure and pulse rate. Vivid dreams, none of which were unpleasant, were reported by 4 mothers (18%) in the group given ketamine alone as compared to 3 mothers (13.6%) in the control group and 1 mother (4.5%) in the group given ketamine followed by midazolam 5 mg. This study showed that low-dose ketamine infusion during normal vaginal delivery in uncomplicated cases is a satisfactory method of analgesia that is safe for both the mother and the newborn infant.

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Current Status of Ketamine Anaesthesia

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

The Effects of a Subhypnotic Dose of Ketamine on Neuromuscular Block Characteristics of Rocuronium and Intubation Quality

The Effects of a Subhypnotic Dose of Ketamine on Neuromuscular Block Characteristics of Rocuronium and Intubation Quality

Analgesic and adjunct actions of nalbuphine hydrochloride in xylazine or xylazine and acepromazine premedicated horses

Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion as an Analgesic for Vaginal Delivery

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