“…Treatment options for distal CBD strictures range from definitive procedures, such as choledochojejunostomy (either alone or combined with a prophylactic gastrojejunostomy) to choledochoduodenostomy [11], cholecystojejunostomy [12], cholecystogastrojejunostomy [13], cholecystotomy [14], or insertion of T-tubes to obtain bile drainage [15]. The latter techniques have fallen largely from favor, although cholecystojejunostomy has enjoyed a resurgence with the advent of laparoscopic biliary bypass [16,17]. For hilar strictures, an intrahepatic duct anastomosis may be employed as a palliative procedure.…”