Current Status of Molecular Imaging in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders

Signore, Alberto; Anzola, Kelly; Auletta, Sveva; Varani, Michela; Petitti, Agnese; Pacilio, Marta; Galli, Filippo; Lauri, Chiara

doi:10.2174/1381612824666180130115153

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Uptake of this tracer is relatively higher in cells that are metabolically active, such as inflammatory cells. FDG is indicated in several infectious and inflammatory diseases and is useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of various autoimmune diseases [ 4 , 101 , 102 ]. In pSS patients, several case reports showed abnormal FDG uptake in salivary glands [ 103 , 104 , 105 ] ( Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Nuclear Medicine Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Ginkel

Glaudemans

Vegt

et al. 2020

JCM

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Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunction and lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands. Besides the characteristic sicca complaints, pSS patients can present a spectrum of signs and symptoms, which challenges the diagnostic process. Various imaging techniques can be used to assist in the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of pSS patients. Developments in imaging techniques provide new opportunities and perspectives. In this descriptive review, we discuss imaging techniques that are used in pSS with a focus on the salivary glands. The emphasis is on the contribution of these techniques to the diagnosis of pSS, their potential in assessing disease activity and disease progression in pSS, and their contribution to diagnosing and staging of pSS-associated lymphomas. Imaging findings of the salivary glands will be linked to histopathological changes in the salivary glands of pSS patients.

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Section: Nuclear Medicine Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that imaging techniques can assist in the diagnostic process of pSS [ 3 ]. Imaging techniques could also be of value in assessing disease activity and detecting disease progression in pSS, which has already been shown in other systemic autoimmune diseases [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Ginkel

Glaudemans

Vegt

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Two peptide‐based radiopharmaceuticals targeting VCAM‐1 ( 99m Tc‐B2702‐p and 18 F‐4V) were initially developed, and both of the tracers were seen to accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques in preclinical animal models. Even though they showed high affinity for VCAM‐1 and good correlation with the expression levels of inflammatory genes such as CD68, a biomarker of macrophages in inflammatory atherosclerosis, clinical use of these tracers is still limited …”

Section: Targeting Cell‐adhesion Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, several radiopharmaceuticals have been developed and used for the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory diseases in the clinic. For example, radiolabeled white blood cells such as 99m Tc‐hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO)‐labeled leukocytes have been commonly used to monitor the migration of immune cells into inflamed sites of IBD or RA . Although 99m Tc‐HMPAO‐labeled leukocytes can detect the extent of disease with high sensitivity, this strategy has disadvantages because the ex vivo‐labeling techniques are cumbersome, and it is hard to achieve long‐term observation of cell viability with this method …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody‐Based Tracers for PET/SPECT Imaging of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Lee

Cai

2018

ChemBioChem

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Chronic inflammatory diseases are often progressive, resulting not only in physical damage to patients but also social and economic burdens, making early diagnosis of them critical. Nuclear medicine techniques can enhance the detection of inflammation by providing functional as well as anatomical information when combined with other modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography or ultrasonography. Although small molecules and peptides were mainly used for the treatment and imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in the past, antibodies and their fragments have also been emerging for chronic inflammatory diseases as they show high specificity to their targets and can have various biological half‐lives depending on how they are engineered. In addition, imaging with antibodies or their fragments can visualize the in vivo biodistribution of the probes or help monitor therapeutic responses, thereby providing physicians with a greater understanding of drug behavior in vivo and another means of monitoring their patients. In this review, we introduce various targets and radiolabeled antibody‐based probes for the molecular imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. Targets can be classified into three different categories: 1) cell‐adhesion molecules, 2) surface markers on immune cells, and 3) cytokines or enzymes. The limitations and future directions of using radiolabeled antibodies for imaging inflammatory diseases are also discussed.

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“…The combination of radiological imaging modalities, such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) NM techniques, comprising single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) might allow us to analyse which target molecules are expressed at which location, to make an early diagnosis, and to decide the best therapy in a diversity of pathologies. Thus, several radiopharmaceuticals may be used in relation to the complex and various pathways involved in the diseases [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immuno-Imaging to Predict Treatment Response in Infection, Inflammation and Oncology

Lauri

Auletta

Anzola

et al. 2019

JCM

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Background: Molecular nuclear medicine plays a pivotal role for diagnosis in a preclinical phase, in genetically susceptible patients, for radio-guided surgery, for disease relapse evaluation, and for therapy decision-making and follow-up. This is possible thanks to the development of new radiopharmaceuticals to target specific biomarkers of infection, inflammation and tumour immunology. Methods: In this review, we describe the use of specific radiopharmaceuticals for infectious and inflammatory diseases with the aim of fast and accurate diagnosis and treatment follow-up. Furthermore, we focus on specific oncological indications with an emphasis on tumour immunology and visualizing the tumour environment. Results: Molecular nuclear medicine imaging techniques get a foothold in the diagnosis of a variety of infectious and inflammatory diseases, such as bacterial and fungal infections, rheumatoid arthritis, and large vessel vasculitis, but also for treatment response in cancer immunotherapy. Conclusion: Several specific radiopharmaceuticals can be used to improve diagnosis and staging, but also for therapy decision-making and follow-up in infectious, inflammatory and oncological diseases where immune cells are involved. The identification of these cell subpopulations by nuclear medicine techniques would provide personalized medicine for these patients, avoiding side effects and improving therapeutic approaches.

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Current Status of Molecular Imaging in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Imaging in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Imaging in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Antibody‐Based Tracers for PET/SPECT Imaging of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Immuno-Imaging to Predict Treatment Response in Infection, Inflammation and Oncology

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