Current status of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Raja, Jowad; Ramachandran, Navin; Munneke, Graham; Patel, Uday

doi:10.1016/j.crad.2005.10.002

Cited by 98 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Repeat biopsy procedures may be associated with complications such as infection and urinary retention (8). Thus, there is an urgent need for non-invasive, sensitive and specific biomarkers that can be used either alone or in combination with PSA to accurately diagnose prostate cancer that needs to be treated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, patients with a negative biopsy despite an elevated serum PSA, and patients with low risk prostate cancer, need to be monitored by annual prostate biopsy (7). Repeat biopsy procedures may have undesirable side effects such as infection and urinary retention (8). Therefore, there is a need for sensitive and specific biomarkers to diagnose prostate cancer using easily obtainable body fluids such as urine and blood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Androgen regulated TRPM8 expression: A potential mRNA marker for metastatic prostate cancer detection in body fluids

Bai

Murthy²,

Chinnakannu³

et al. 2009

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. Identification of sensitive and specific biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of prostate cancer is essential for timely and appropriate treatment of the disease in individual patients. We identified an RNA transcript with sequence homology to TRPM8 (melastatin-related transient receptor potential member 8) that was overexpressed in tumor vs. patient-matched non-tumor prostate tissues by RT-PCR differential display (DD). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that TRPM8 levels were higher in tumor than in non-tumor tissue from 31 of 40 (>75%) patients examined. Overexpression of TRPM8 was independent of changes in androgen receptor (AR) mRNA levels in tumor tissue. However, in studies with established cell lines, TRPM8 expression was detectable only in AR-positive, but not in AR-negative cells, and it was suppressed by steroid deprivation or anti-androgen bicalutamide (Casodex) treatment, suggesting the requirement of AR activity for TRPM8 expression in prostate cancer cells. TRPM8 mRNA was also detected in body fluids of men. Most importantly, its levels were significantly higher (p<0.001, n=18) in urine and blood of patients with metastatic disease than in those of healthy men. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05, n=10) in its levels between prostate cancer patients with localized disease and healthy men. Together, these studies demonstrate that TRPM8 expression is androgen regulated in prostate cancer cells and that, while tissue TRPM8 mRNA levels can be used for detection of prostate cancer, urine and blood TRPM8 mRNA levels may prove to be useful for distinguishing metastatic disease from clinically localized prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen regulated TRPM8 expression: A potential mRNA marker for metastatic prostate cancer detection in body fluids

Bai

Murthy²,

Chinnakannu³

et al. 2009

Int J Oncol

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“…In all, 10-39% of such patients may ultimately be found to have prostate cancer on repeat biopsy. 1,2 However, prostate biopsy is uncomfortable and can carry significant morbidity, 3,4 and most men who undergo repeat biopsy are ultimately found to be free of prostate cancer. Additionally, the probability of having a positive biopsy decreases with each subsequent biopsy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of PCA3 in patients undergoing repeat biopsy for prostate cancer

Reese

Cooperberg

et al. 2011

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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BACKGROUND: Men with persistently elevated and/or rising PSA levels after negative prostate biopsy often undergo multiple repeat biopsies. Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) has emerged as a predictor of prostate cancer. METHODS:We sought to define the utility of PCA3 in combination with other clinical data in predicting the risk of prostate cancer on repeat biopsy. We retrospectively obtained PCA3, PSA, PSA density (PSAD), digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) findings from 103 patients at a single institution who had at least one prior negative prostate biopsy. The sensitivity and specificity of PCA3 in detecting prostate cancer was determined. Receiver operating characteristics curves were produced for each variable individually and in multivariable analysis, controlling for PCA3, PSAD, TRUS, PSA and DRE. A nomogram was created, internally validated and compared to another recently published nomogram. RESULTS:Of the 103 patients, 37 (31%) had prostate cancer on repeat biopsy. The sensitivity and specificity of PCA3 (using a cut point of 25) was 0.67 and 0.64, respectively. In multivariable analyses, PCA3 was independently associated with prostate cancer (odds ratio: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.04), with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.64. A multivariable model containing PCA3, PSAD, PSA, DRE and TRUS findings showed the most diagnostic accuracy (AUC: 0.82). CONCLUSIONS:In the setting of prior negative biopsies, PCA3 was independently associated with prostate cancer in a multivariable model. In combination with other clinical data, PCA3 is a valuable tool in assessing the risk of prostate cancer on repeat biopsy.

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“…The problem facing US-based detection is the presence of image artifacts or non-malignant diseases like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that resemble cancerous tumors. In the past, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy protocols that directly targeted hypo-and hyperechoic regions of prostate tissue were introduced but for the aforementioned reasons, most of these biopsies were histologically benign (cancer-free) [1]. As a result, systematic prostate biopsy protocols are now implemented which sample the entire prostate gland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, systematic prostate biopsy protocols are now implemented which sample the entire prostate gland. The number of samples in a systematic prostate biopsy can exceed twenty core samples [1]. Currently, the primary role of TRUS in the detection of prostate cancer is to guide biopsy needles into the prostate during the systematic biopsy: specifically, TRUS is used to effectively guide biopsy needles into the posterior region of the prostate, where 80% of prostate tumors originate [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Mechanical Abnormalities in Prostate Tissue Using FE-Based Image Registration

Courtis

Samani

Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2007

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Abstract. An image registration-based elastography algorithm is presented for assessing the stiffness of tissue regions inside the prostate for the purpose of detecting tumors. A 3D finite-element model of the prostate is built from ultrasound images and used to simulate the deformation of the prostate induced by a TRUS probe. To reconstruct the stiffness of tissues, their Young's moduli are varied using Powell's method so that the mutual information between a simulated and deformed image volume is maximized. The algorithm was validated using a gelatin prostate phantom embedded with a cylindrical inclusion that simulated a tumor. Results from the phantom study showed that the technique could detect the increased stiffness of the simulated tumor with a reasonable accuracy.

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Current status of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Cited by 98 publications

References 99 publications

Androgen regulated TRPM8 expression: A potential mRNA marker for metastatic prostate cancer detection in body fluids

Androgen regulated TRPM8 expression: A potential mRNA marker for metastatic prostate cancer detection in body fluids

Utility of PCA3 in patients undergoing repeat biopsy for prostate cancer

Detecting Mechanical Abnormalities in Prostate Tissue Using FE-Based Image Registration

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