Current Taxonomical Situation of Streptococcus suis

Okura, Masatoshi; Osaki, Makoto; Nomoto, Ryohei; Arai, Seiichi; Osawa, Ro; Sekizaki, Tsutomu; Takamatsu, Daisuke

doi:10.3390/pathogens5030045

Cited by 123 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…In addition to the important economic losses to the swine industry, S. suis is also an emerging zoonotic pathogen [1,2]. S. suis was originally classified into 35 serotypes based on the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigenicity, although the current taxonomical situation has been recently revised [3]. Nevertheless, serotype 2 remains the most virulent and frequent capsular type, isolated worldwide from both swine and humans [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Dendritic Cells as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Immunological Behaviour of Streptococcus suis Subunit Vaccine Formulations and the Polarizing Effect of Adjuvants

et al. 2017

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An in vitro porcine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DC) culture was developed as a model for evaluating immune polarization induced by adjuvants when administered with immunogens that may become vaccine candidates if appropriately formulated. The swine pathogen Streptococcus suis was chosen as a prototype to evaluate proposed S. suis vaccine candidates in combination with the adjuvants Poly I:C, Quil A ®, Alhydrogel ®, TiterMax Gold ® and Stimune ®. The toll-like receptor ligand Poly I:C and the saponin Quil A ® polarized swine DC cytokines towards a type 1 phenotype, with preferential production of IL-12 and TNF-α. The water-in-oil adjuvants TiterMax Gold ® and Stimune ® favoured a type 2 profile as suggested by a marked IL-6 release. In contrast, Alhydrogel ® induced a type 1/type 2 mixed cytokine profile. The antigen type differently modified the magnitude of the adjuvant effect, but overall polarization was preserved. This is the first comparative report on swine DC immune activation by different adjuvants. Although further swine immunization studies would be required to better characterize the induced responses, the herein proposed in vitro model is a promising approach that helps assessing behaviour of the vaccine formulation rapidly at the pre-screening stage and will certainly reduce numbers of animals used while advancing vaccinology science.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Dendritic Cells as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Immunological Behaviour of Streptococcus suis Subunit Vaccine Formulations and the Polarizing Effect of Adjuvants

et al. 2017

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“…nov. (Tohya et al, 2017). Therefore, serotypes 20, 22, 26 and 32-34 strains are referred to as S. suis-like strains, and the other 29 serotypes strains are referred to as authentic S. suis strains (Okura et al, 2016). Recently, a new variant serotype Chz was identified from piglets with meningitis (Pan et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of six novel capsular polysaccharide loci ( NCL ) from Streptococcus suis multidrug resistant non‐typeable strains and the pathogenic characteristic of strains carrying new NCL s

Huang

Chen

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen and an important zoonotic agent worldwide. At least nine serotypes can infect human so far. Although 29 serotypes (1–19, 21, 23–25, 27–31 and 1/2) strains are considered as authentic S. suis, a novel variant serotype Chz and strains carrying 20 novel capsular polysaccharide loci (NCL) have been identified recently. However, information about pathogenic and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of strains carrying NCLs is still unavailable. In this study, we identified six new NCLs (designated as NCL21‐26) from 35 non‐typeable S. suis strains by agglutination tests and whole genome sequencing analysis. Further analysis of the genetic context of NCL25 and NCL26 showed a mosaic structure of the capsular polysaccharide loci. NCL25 exhibited considerable similarity to that of serotypes 10 and 11, and NCL26 shared similarity to that of serotype 9 and NCL4. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that strains carrying NCL21‐26 were all resistant to clindamycin, lincomycin, erythromycin, tilmicosin and tetracycline. Animal infection experiments showed that the virulence of NCL26 strain NJ1112 isolated from a disease pig was similar to that of S. suis serotype 2 virulent strain SC070731 in both zebrafish and mouse infection models, highlighting the necessity for surveillance of strains belonging to NCL26. We also developed a multiplex PCR assay to detect NCL21‐26 strains. Our findings expand the views of genetic diversity of S. suis capsular polysaccharide loci and S. suis pathogenic characteristic.

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“…1). It is classified within the family Streptococcaceae, order Lactobacillales, phylum Firmicutes [22][23][24].…”

Section: Species Characteristics and Identification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…suis cells are surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule showing a diverse antigenicity, depending on the strain. Based on antigenic diversity, S. suis strains are currently classified serologically into 35 serotypes (serotypes 1-34 and serotype 1/2 which react with both serotypes 1 and 2 antisera) [24]. Serotyping of S. suis, mostly by the agglutination test with a panel of antiserum samples, is a basic identification method of clinical isolates, superior to biochemical tests ( Fig.…”

Section: Species Characteristics and Identification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part I – Epidemiology

Dutkiewicz

Sroka²,

Zając³

et al. 2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Streptococcus suis (ex Elliot 1966, Kilpper-Bälz & Schleifer 1987) is a facultatively anaerobic Gram-positive ovoid or coccal bacterium surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule. Based on the antigenic diversity of the capsule, S. suis strains are classified serologically into 35 serotypes. Streptococcus suis is a commensal of pigs, commonly colonizing their tonsils and nasal cavities, mostly in weaning piglets between 4-10 weeks of age. This species occurs also in cattle and other mammals, in birds and in humans. Some strains, mostly those belonging to serotype 2, are also pathogenic for pigs, as well as for other animals and humans. Meningitis is the primary disease syndrome caused by S. suis, both in pigs and in humans. It is estimated that meningitis accounted for 68.0% of all cases of human disease reported until the end of 2012, followed by septicaemia (including life-threatening condition described as 'streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome' - STSLS), arthritis, endocarditis, and endophthalmitis. Hearing loss and/or ves tibular dysfunction are the most common sequelae after recovery from meningitis caused by S. suis, occurring in more than 50% of patients. In the last two decades, the number of reported human cases due to S. suis has dramatically increased, mostly due to epidemics recorded in China in 1998 and 2005, and the fulminant increase in morbidity in the countries of south-eastern Asia, mostly Vietnam and Thailand. Out of 1,642 cases of S. suis infections identified between 2002-2013 worldwide in humans, 90.2% occurred in Asia, 8.5% in Europe and 1.3% in other parts of the globe. The human disease has mostly a zoonotic and occupational origin and occurs in pig breeders, abattoir workers, butchers and workers of meat processing facilities, veterinarians and meat inspectors. Bacteria are transmitted to workers by close contact with pigs or pig products, usually through contamination of minor cuts or abrasions on skin of hands and/or arms, or by pig bite. A different epidemiologic situation occurs in the Southeast Asian countries where most people become infected by habitual consumption of raw or undercooked pork, blood and offal products in the form of traditional dishes. Prevention of S. suis infections in pigs includes vaccination, improvement in pig-raising conditions, disinfection and/or fumigation of animal houses, and isolation of sick animals at the outbreak of disease. Prevention of human infections comprises: protection of skin from pig bite or injury with sharp tools by people occupationally exposed to pigs and pig products, prompt disinfection and dressing of wounds and abrasions at work, protection of the respiratory tract by wearing appropriate masks or repirators, consulting a doctor in the case of febrile illness after exposure to pigs or pork meat, avoidance of occupations associated with exposure to pigs and pork by immunocompomised people, avoidance of consumption of raw pork or pig blood, adequate cooking of pork, and health edu...

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Current Taxonomical Situation of Streptococcus suis

Cited by 123 publications

References 78 publications

Porcine Dendritic Cells as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Immunological Behaviour of Streptococcus suis Subunit Vaccine Formulations and the Polarizing Effect of Adjuvants

Porcine Dendritic Cells as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Immunological Behaviour of Streptococcus suis Subunit Vaccine Formulations and the Polarizing Effect of Adjuvants

Identification of six novel capsular polysaccharide loci ( NCL ) from Streptococcus suis multidrug resistant non‐typeable strains and the pathogenic characteristic of strains carrying new NCL s

Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part I – Epidemiology

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