Current Trends and Investigative Developments in Wheat Allergy

Samaşcă, Gabriel; Sur, Genel; Iancu, Mihaela; Lupan, Iulia; Deleanu, Diana

doi:10.3109/08830185.2015.1065827

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It has also been found in developed countries that the frequency of allergies has generally increased so that one in four Europeans suffers from some form of allergy, and FA has been described by some authors as the second wave of the "allergic epidemic" [22,23].…”

Section: Food Allergy Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Food Allergy a Constant Concern to the Medical World and Healthcare Providers: Practical Aspects

Sur

Armat

Duca

et al. 2021

Life

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Food allergy (FA) is a condition with a growing incidence and is a constant concern for the medical world and healthcare providers. With potential symptoms including anaphylaxis, in the event of an allergic reaction the patient’s life may well be endangered. The diagnosis of FA is a continuous challenge because mild cases tend to be ignored or diagnosed late and young children with allergies are cared for by parents, who are not always able to accurately interpret symptoms. It is very important to be able to differentiate FAs from food intolerance and toxic reactions to food. An accurate diagnosis is required to provide personalized management of an FA. More sophisticated and accurate diagnostic tests, including component diagnosis and epitope reactivity, allow the provision of a directed diagnosis, a more accurate therapeutic approach, and a useful prognostic evaluation. Tests used in current practice include the specific search for serum IgE, elimination diets, oral food challenges, single, blind, and double-blind (DBPCFC) tests, as well as skin tests. The risk of anaphylaxis can be assessed by molecular diagnostics/component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) and by conducting a basophilic activation test (BAT). These tests allow a planned, personalized treatment based on molecular and clinical profiles. CRD can determine the individual profile of allergic molecular reactivity and enable the formulation of a prognostic judgment. Our article highlights the importance of knowing the immune mechanisms, diagnostics, and immunotherapies in FAs. Starting from observing exposure to food allergens, to identifying allergic reactions, analysing the severity of clinical manifestations, noting the possibilities of diagnosis, and illustrating adequate management strategies.

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Section: Food Allergy Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…FAs are more common in children than in adults. Peanuts and tree nuts trigger up to 87% of deaths; other foods, including milk and seafood, cause mortality in some countries [22]. The phenomenon of cross-reactivity between different food species has also contributed to the increased prevalence of food allergies [24,25].…”

Section: Food Allergensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Allergy a Constant Concern to the Medical World and Healthcare Providers: Practical Aspects

Sur

Armat

Duca

et al. 2021

Life

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“…The diagnosis is based on atopic familiar history, symptoms, serum specific IgE, skin prick test with food extract, fecal leukocyte testing, elimination diets, food challenge testing. [27,28] …”

Section: Protein Intolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac Disease a Road Paved with Many Obstacles. Differential Diagnosis in Children

Sur¹,

Marius²,

Aldea³

et al. 2018

IJCD

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Celiac disease (CD), also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy or celiac sprue, is defined as a chronic, multifactorial, immune-mediated condition affecting small intestine in genetically susceptible children and adults. Gluten-sensitive enteropathy is characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations of variable severity that can occur at any age. For patients with prompt diagnosis and correct treatment the prognosis is excellent. Therefore, CD needs a quick diagnosis in order to start the treatment. Because of the wide range of signs and symptoms, an accurate differential diagnosis is required.

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“…Adults and children suffer different types of clinical symptoms of wheat allergy. Atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) is mainly observed in children, whereas in adults, wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is more common and frequent. − Gliadins and glutenins are major allergens in wheat, which vary in proportion in wheat products resulting in different allergenicity and allergy symptoms . In particular, gliadin, the major prolamin protein in wheat, is the principal allergen of wheat allergy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

l-Arabinose Attenuates Gliadin-Induced Food Allergy via Regulation of Th1/Th2 Balance and Upregulation of Regulatory T Cells in Mice

Wang

Sun

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Gliadins are the main cause of wheat allergies, and the prevalence of gliadin allergy has increased in many countries. L-Arabinose, a kind of plant-specific five-carbon aldose, possesses beneficial effects on food allergy to gliadins. This study investigated the antiallergic activities and underlying mechanisms of L-arabinose in a wheat gliadin-sensitized mouse model. BALB/c mice were sensitized to gliadin by intraperitoneal injections with gliadin followed by being given a gliadin challenge. L-arabinose-treated mice exhibited a marked reduction in the productions of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), gliadin-specific IgE, gliadin-specific IgG1, and histamine, with an increase in IgG2a level as compared with gliadin-sensitized mice. Beside that, a significant decrease in Th2-related cytokine level, IL-4, and an increase in Th1-related cytokine level, IFN-γ, in the serum and splenocytes were observed after treatment with L-arabinose. L-Arabinose treatment also improved the imbalance of Th1/Th2 immune response on the basis of the expression levels of related cytokines and key transcription factors in the small intestine and spleen of sensitized mice. In addition, gliadininduced intestinal barrier impairment was blocked by L-arabinose treatment via regulation of TJ proteins and suppression of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB inflammation signaling pathways. Notably, the results confirmed that L-arabinose treatment increased CD4 + Foxp3 + T cell populations and Treg-related factors associated with increased expression of IL-2 and activation of STAT5 in gliadinsensitized mice. In conclusion, L-arabinose attenuated the gliadin-induced allergic symptoms via maintenance of Th1/Th2 immune balance and regulation of Treg cells in a gliadin-induced mouse model, suggesting L-arabinose could be used as a promising agent to alleviate gliadin allergy.

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Current Trends and Investigative Developments in Wheat Allergy

Abstract: The prevalence of gluten-related diseases is increasing in an alarming rate. The studies regarding wheat allergy in the Southeastern and Central Europe are few. The aim of our study was to discuss the effectiveness of serological tests in detecting the prevalence of specific allergens.

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Food Allergy a Constant Concern to the Medical World and Healthcare Providers: Practical Aspects

Food Allergy a Constant Concern to the Medical World and Healthcare Providers: Practical Aspects

Celiac Disease a Road Paved with Many Obstacles. Differential Diagnosis in Children

l-Arabinose Attenuates Gliadin-Induced Food Allergy via Regulation of Th1/Th2 Balance and Upregulation of Regulatory T Cells in Mice

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