The presence of an ectopic ureter may be indicated by continuous wetting, despite a normal voiding pattern, especially in girls. In most cases, an ectopic ureter is associated with a duplex collecting system and complete ureteral duplication. A 5-year-old girl presented with urinary incontinence regardless of the successful toilet training and a suspicion of left duplex kidney on a previous ultrasound. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a double left kidney with double ureters, both inserting together into the vagina. The surgical treatment consisted in the “en block” reimplantation of the ectopic ureters into the bladder, with complete resolution of the symptoms. The reported case does not represent just a typical presentation of a single ectopic ureter, as the duplex kidney system had ectopic both ipsilateral ureters (with insertion into the vagina). This case reminds us that congenital abnormalities of the genito-urinary tract should be considered in case of urinary incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infections.

The rapid increase in CIPNS E. coli causing bacteraemia was closely related to the increase in resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, production of ESBLs and resistance to aminoglycosides. Community use of fluoroquinolones (mainly moxifloxacin and levofloxacin) and of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid represents a significant driver in the progression of fluoroquinolone resistance in bacteraemic E. coli.

Colorectal cancer remains a frequent disease to which screening and target therapy exist, but despite this is still marked by a high mortality rate. Even though radical surgery may be performed in many cases, patients relapse with metastatic disease. Circulating tumor cells were incriminated for tumor recurrence, that's why vigorous research started on their field. Owning prognostic and predictive value, it was revealed their usefulness in disease monitoring. Moreover, they may serve as liquid biopsies for genetic tests in cases where tissue biopsy is contraindicated or cannot be performed. In spite of these advantages, they were not included in clinical guidelines, despite CellSearch and many other detection methods were developed to ease the identification of circulating tumor cells. This review highlights the implication of circulating tumor cells in metastasis cascade, intrinsic tumor cells mechanisms and correlations with clinical parameters along with their utility for medical practice and detection techniques.

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