Current Trends in Nanomaterial-Based Amperometric Biosensors

Abstract

The last decade has witnessed an intensive research effort in the field of electrochemical sensors, with a particular focus on the design of amperometric biosensors for diverse analytical applications. In this context, nanomaterial integration in the construction of amperometric biosensors may constitute one of the most exciting approaches. The attractive properties of nanomaterials have paved the way for the design of a wide variety of biosensors based on various electrochemical detection methods to enhance the analytical characteristics. However, most of these nanostructured materials are not explored in the design of amperometric biosensors. This review aims to provide insight into the diverse properties of nanomaterials that can be possibly explored in the construction of amperometric biosensors.

A sensitive colorimetric DNA biosensor for specific detection of the HBV gene based on silver‐coated glass slide and G‐quadruplex‐hemin DNAzyme

“…[16][17][18][19] Oligonucleotide immobilization can be used to separate bound biomolecules from free molecules, and several immobilization methods have been reported for the functionalization of surfaces such as glass, electrode, nano-magnetic microsphere, and nanoparticles. [20][21][22][23][24][25] An idea sensing platform is being developed by using the concept of silver coated glass slide(SCGS) which is an attractive separation material, because thiol-functionalized oligonucleotides can self-assemble on the silver surface through Ag-S bonds, [26][27][28][29] and SCGS is easily prepared by the silver mirror reaction. [30][31][32][33] In this article, by using SCGS as an idea separation material, we describe a simple, sensitive colorimetric DNA biosensor for the determination of the target DNA which selected from the HBV gene (15)…”

“…Oligonucleotide immobilization can be used to separate bound biomolecules from free molecules, and several immobilization methods have been reported for the functionalization of surfaces such as glass, electrode, nano‐magnetic microsphere, and nanoparticles . An idea sensing platform is being developed by using the concept of silver coated glass slide(SCGS) which is an attractive separation material, because thiol‐functionalized oligonucleotides can self‐assemble on the silver surface through Ag‐S bonds, and SCGS is easily prepared by the silver mirror reaction …”

Probing DNA nucleobases with diamond (111) surfaces

“…The type of a transducer in a biosensor is based on the type of measurements carried on for processing the signals. Accordingly, a vast number of biosensors are being employed, such as optical [6,7], electrical [8], either amperometric [9,10] or voltammetric [11], electrochemical [12,13], colorimetric [14,15], plasmonic [16,17], etc. The vast number of biosensors that have been proposed, also differ in the material used to promote the sensing.…”

Diagnostics Strategies with Electrochemical Affinity Biosensors Using Carbon Nanomaterials as Electrode Modifiers

“…Biomolecules immobilization onto nanostructured electrochemical transducers reduces diffusion limits and maximizes the surface area, increasing the bioreagents’ loading. It is important to note that direct adsorption onto bulk materials may result in biomolecule denaturation and loss of bioactivity, while nanosized materials not only show a strong tendency to adsorb biomolecules but also retain their bioactivity [2]. Furthermore, nanomaterials can offer various signal amplification routes in electrochemical biosensing as they can be used as electrode materials to construct sensing platforms, carriers for signal elements, tracers based on their direct electrochemistry, separators and collectors, catalysts, mediators to regulate the electron transfer process or a combination of some of these characteristics [3].…”