Current understanding and emerging applications of 3D crumpling mediated 2D material-liquid interactions

Ultrasensitive Detection of Dopamine, IL‐6 and SARS‐CoV‐2 Proteins on Crumpled Graphene FET Biosensor

“…[ 13 , 14 , 15 ] However, there are few reports on graphene crumpling with slow buckling on a thermoplastic substrate with stepwise crumpling ratios. [ 10 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] We explored the different ratios of graphene crumpling using AFM imaging. As shown in Figure 3c and Figure S2 , Supporting Information, increasing the crumpling ratio created increased roughness in the graphene.…”

“…In the past, we have shown that the crumpled graphene FET‐based biosensor is capable of detecting nucleic acids with ultra‐high sensitivity. [ 9 , 10 ] This was due to the unique finding that the crumpled FET allows for an increase Debye length and reduced charge screening of the biomolecules, and that the bending of graphene can also open a bandgap, allowing for an exponential increase in current upon binding of charges. In this paper here, we demonstrate that the crumpled graphene can be universally used for different analytes and biomarkers across a range of sizes at unprecedented concentration level ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…CVD-grown graphene exhibits superior sensitivity in charge-based detection of biomolecules owing to its singleatom thickness and ultimate aspect ratio.In the past, we have shown that the crumpled graphene FET-based biosensor is capable of detecting nucleic acids with ultra-high sensitivity. [9,10] This was due to the unique finding that the crumpled FET allows for an increase Debye length and reduced charge screening of the biomolecules, and that the bending of graphene can also open a bandgap, allowing for an exponential increase in current upon binding of charges. In this paper here, we demonstrate that the crumpled graphene can be Universal platforms for biomolecular analysis using label-free sensing modalities can address important diagnostic challenges.…”

A Brief Review of Graphene-Based Biosensors Developed for Rapid Detection of COVID-19 Biomarkers

“…This can be achieved through covalent and non-covalent surface modifications of graphene. In general, graphene is hydrophobic [ 7 , 8 ] and interacts well with organic molecules containing aromatic units through π–π interactions, especially in the basal area of graphene. This makes the adsorption of molecules on graphene’s surface non-specific without any functionalization [ 9 ].…”

“…Biorecognition units which are meant to be anchored on the surface via linker have to be specific towards the target molecule—in this review’s case, COVID-19 antigens. Functionalization of the graphene surface can be achieved by attaching organic molecules comprising aromatic moieties through Van der Waals interaction [ 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 ]. The specificity of the graphene surface can be engineered by introducing linker molecules, which allows specific molecules to adhere; however, there are still chances for non-specific binding to occur [ 9 , 11 ] due to surface coverage of linker molecules, thereby leading to free sites on graphene that could invite non-specific interactions.…”