Current Understanding of Myelomatous Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Extended through Advances in Experimental Methods

Abstract

Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer formed by malignant plasma cells. For the proliferation and survival of myeloma cells, as well as the occurrence of the complications, numerous intra- and extra-cellular mechanisms are involved. The interaction of myeloma cells with the microenvironment is known to be one of the most critical mechanisms. A specific microenvironment could affect the progression and growth of tumor cells, as well as drug resistance. Among various microenvironment components, such as hematological and non-hematological cells, and soluble factors (cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins), in this review, we focus on the role of mesenchymal cells. We aimed to summarize the experimental strategies used for conducting studies and current understanding of the biological roles in the pathogenesis of myeloma. Furthermore, we discuss the possible clinical applications targeting mesenchymal cells.

Pericentromeric Non-Coding DNA Transcription Is Associated with Niche Impairment in Patients with Ineffective or Partially Effective Multiple Myeloma Treatment

“…TME involves cellular components (e.g., mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, mature mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, sympathetic neurons, non-myelinating Schwann cells, perivascular cells, mesodermally derived cells, as well as mature hematopoietic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, regulatory T cells, neutrophils, and megakaryocytes) and soluble factors secreted by these cells [ 36 ]. The interaction of MM cells with TME is known to be one of the most important mechanisms for the progression and growth of tumor cells, as well as the development of drug resistance.…”

“…However, the decline was more prominent in samples obtained from NR patients than in those obtained from PoCR patients. Limited ability to osteogenic differentiation is associated with the development of bone lysis in MM which can be caused either by inducing osteoclastogenesis or by inhibiting the differentiation of MSC into osteoblasts from osteogenic precursors [ 36 , 40 ]. Another mechanism for suppressing the differentiation of MSC into osteoblasts is associated with the intensive production of DKK1 by MM cells [ 41 ].…”

The role of bone marrow microenvironment in the progression of multiple myeloma from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

“…Активная ММ характеризуется выраженным нарушением баланса между остеокластами, ответственными за резорбцию кости, и остеобластами, ответственными за образова ние костной ткани. ММклетки стимулируют диффе ренциацию остеокластов через сигнальный путь NFκB и цитокины, одновременно ингибируют дифференци ацию мехенхимальных стромальных клеток в остео бласты с помощью факторов роста, таких как HGF и ФНОα, а также микроРНК [13,42].…”