Current Understanding of Novel Coronavirus: Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches

Jha, Niraj Kumar; Jeyaraman, Madhan; Rachamalla, Mahesh; Ojha, Shreesh; Dua, Kamal; Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar; Muthu, Sathish; Sharma, Ankur; Jha, Saurabh; Jain, Rashmi; Jeyaraman, Naveen; Gs, Prajwal; Satyam, Rohit; Khan, Fahad; Pandey, Pratibha; Verma, Nitin; Singh, Sandeep Kumar; Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Dholpuria, Sunny; Ruokolainen, Janne; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar

doi:10.3390/immuno1010004

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 207 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Prevailing evidence highlights the role of ACE2 as the receptor for both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 (virus of COVID-19 infection) binding and entry into host cells [100,101]. ACE2 is especially abundant in alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells of the lung [78].…”

Section: Effects Of Top In Intracellular Processing Of Angiotensin 1-7 and Its Potential Involvement In Covid-19 Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thimet Oligopeptidase—A Classical Enzyme with New Function and New Form

Liu

Sigman

Bruce

et al. 2021

Immuno

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Peptidases generate bioactive peptides that can regulate cell signaling and mediate intercellular communication. While the processing of peptide precursors is initiated intracellularly, some modifications by peptidases may be conducted extracellularly. Thimet oligopeptidase (TOP) is a peptidase that processes neuroendocrine peptides with roles in mood, metabolism, and immune responses, among other functions. TOP also hydrolyzes angiotensin I to angiotensin 1–7, which may be involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection. Although TOP is primarily cytosolic, it can also be associated with the cell plasma membrane or secreted to the extracellular space. Recent work indicates that membrane-associated TOP can be released with extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the extracellular space. Here we briefly summarize the enzyme’s classical function in extracellular processing of neuroendocrine peptides, as well as its more recently understood role in intracellular processing of various peptides that impact human diseases. Finally, we discuss new findings of EV-associated TOP in the extracellular space.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Top In Intracellular Processing Of Angiotensin 1-7 and Its Potential Involvement In Covid-19 Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thimet Oligopeptidase—A Classical Enzyme with New Function and New Form

Liu

Sigman

Bruce

et al. 2021

Immuno

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 A schematic depicting the molecular pathophysiology of lungs in COVID-19-affected patients. Reproduced from [ 114 ], ©The Authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland …”

Section: Covid-19 and Acute Lung Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Management of COVID19-Associated Lung Injury: A Review on Publications, Clinical Trials and Patent Landscape

Krishnan

Muthusamy

Fernandez

et al. 2022

Tissue Eng Regen Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic situation forced the scientific community to explore all the possibilities from various fields, and so far we have seen a lot of surprises, eureka moments and disappointments. One of the approaches from the cellular therapists was exploiting the immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), more so of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)—particularly exosomes, in order to alleviate the cytokine storm and regenerate the damaged lung tissues. Unlike MSCs, the EVs are easier to store, deliver, and are previously shown to be as effective as MSCs, yet less immunogenic. These features attracted the attention of many and thus led to a tremendous increase in publications, clinical trials and patent applications. This review presents the current landscape of the field and highlights some interesting findings on MSC-derived EVs in the context of COVID-19, including in silico, in vitro , in vivo and case reports. The data strongly suggests the potential of MSC-derived EVs as a therapeutic regime for the management of acute lung injury and associated complications in COVID-19 and beyond. Graphical abstract

show abstract

“…The entire virus particle is generated in the ER-Golgi apparatus area. After that, the viral particles are released by exocytosis [62,64,65].…”

Section: Covid-19: a Brief Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology Interventions in the Management of COVID-19: Prevention, Diagnosis and Virus-Like Particle Vaccines

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SARS-CoV-2 claimed numerous lives and put nations on high alert. The lack of antiviral medications and the small number of approved vaccines, as well as the recurrence of adverse effects, necessitates the development of novel treatment ways to combat COVID-19. In this context, using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, we gathered information about nanotechnology’s involvement in the prevention, diagnosis and virus-like particle vaccine development. This review revealed that various nanomaterials like gold, polymeric, graphene and poly amino ester with carboxyl group coated magnetic nanoparticles have been explored for the fast detection of SARS-CoV-2. Personal protective equipment fabricated with nanoparticles, such as gloves, masks, clothes, surfactants, and Ag, TiO2 based disinfectants played an essential role in halting COVID-19 transmission. Nanoparticles are used not only in vaccine delivery, such as lipid nanoparticles mediated transport of mRNA-based Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, but also in the development of vaccine as the virus-like particles elicit an immune response. There are now 18 virus-like particle vaccines in pre-clinical development, with one of them, developed by Novavax, reported being in phase 3 trials. Due to the probability of upcoming COVID-19 waves, and the rise of new diseases, the future relevance of virus-like particles is imperative. Furthermore, psychosocial variables linked to vaccine reluctance constitute a critical problem that must be addressed immediately to avert pandemic.

show abstract

Current Understanding of Novel Coronavirus: Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches

Cited by 18 publications

References 207 publications

Thimet Oligopeptidase—A Classical Enzyme with New Function and New Form

Thimet Oligopeptidase—A Classical Enzyme with New Function and New Form

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Management of COVID19-Associated Lung Injury: A Review on Publications, Clinical Trials and Patent Landscape

Nanotechnology Interventions in the Management of COVID-19: Prevention, Diagnosis and Virus-Like Particle Vaccines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About