Currently and recently used pesticides in Central European arable soils

Hvězdová, Martina; Kosubová, Petra; Košíková, Monika; Scherr, Kerstin E.; Šimek, Zdeněk; Brodsky, Lukas; Šudoma, Marek; Škulcová, Lucia; Sáňka, Milan; Svobodová, Markéta; Krkošková, Lucia; Vašíčková, Jana; Neuwirthová, Natália; Bielská, Lucie; Hofman, Jakub

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.049

Cited by 213 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Only a fraction of the applied pesticide load enters the plant body whereas the major part remains in the soil (Sur and Stork 2003;Alford and Krupke 2017). Agricultural soils are therefore often contaminated with multiple pesticides (Hvě zdová et al 2018). Measurable neonicotinoid residues in various crop soils range from 10 −1 to 10 1 ng/g (Jones et al 2014;Botías et al 2015;Heimbach et al 2016;Wood and Goulson 2017).…”

Section: Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Pesticides on Flower‐Visiting Insects: A Review with Regard to European Risk Assessment

Uhl

Brühl

2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Flower‐visiting insects (FVIs) are an ecologically diverse group of mobile, flying species that should be protected from pesticide effects according to European policy. However, there is an ongoing decline of FVI species, partly caused by agricultural pesticide applications. Therefore, the risk assessment framework needs to be improved. We synthesized the peer‐reviewed literature on FVI groups and their ecology, habitat, exposure to pesticides, and subsequent effects. The results show that FVIs are far more diverse than previously thought. Their habitat, the entire agricultural landscape, is potentially contaminated with pesticides through multiple pathways. Pesticide exposure of FVIs at environmentally realistic levels can cause population‐relevant adverse effects. This knowledge was used to critically evaluate the European regulatory framework of exposure and effect assessment. The current risk assessment should be amended to incorporate specific ecological properties of FVIs, that is, traits. We present data‐driven tools to improve future risk assessments by making use of trait information. There are major knowledge gaps concerning the general investigation of groups other than bees, the collection of comprehensive data on FVI groups and their ecology, linking habitat to FVI exposure, and study of previously neglected complex population effects. This is necessary to improve our understanding of FVIs and facilitate the development of a more protective FVI risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2355–2370. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC

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Section: Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Pesticides on Flower‐Visiting Insects: A Review with Regard to European Risk Assessment

Uhl

Brühl

2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The major degradation products of metazachlor in water are metazachlor ESA [N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)aminocarbonylmethylsulfonic acid] and metazachlor OA [N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)oxalamide]. Metazachlor has a half-life in soils of 5-30 days, degrading to oxanilic acid (OA), ethane sulfonic acid (ESA), and derivatives 13,14 . Metazachlor is stable to aqueous hydrolysis at temperatures and pH levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of metazachlor and its major metabolite metazachlor OA on early life stages of marbled crayfish

Velíšek

Stará

Kubec

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The effects of the herbicide metazachlor and its major metabolite metazachlor OA at two concentrations, including environmentally relevant concentrations of metazachlor (0.0115 µmol/l and 0.0790 µmol/l) and metazachlor OA (0.0117 µmol/l and 0.0805 µmol/l), respectively, were evaluated on early ontogeny, growth, behaviour, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme levels, histology, and mortality of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Both tested concentrations of metazachlor and metazachlor OA were associated with significantly lower growth and delayed ontogenetic development compared to controls. Exposure of metazachlor at 0.0115 µmol/l and metazachlor OA at 0.0117 µmol/l and 0.0805 µmol/l resulted in significantly lower activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced glutathione (GSH) compared with control and resulted in gill anomalies ranging from wall thinning to focal disintegration of branchial structure. Metazachlor at the environmentally relevant concentration of 0.0790 µmol/l was associated with significant alterations of crayfish distance moved and walking speed. The potential risk associated with metazachlor use in agriculture related to effects on non-target aquatic organisms.

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“…Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) belong to this group. The OCPs are organic molecules with linked chlorine atoms, high lipophilicity and, usually, high neurotoxicity [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Examples of OCPs are chlorinated insecticides, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, and endrin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1940s, many chlorinated insecticides were widely applied due to their effectiveness in control of malaria and typhus as well as in agriculture and storage. However, in Europe and many countries world-wide use and production of OCPs are actually prohibited because of their severe environmental impact [8,9]. It was proved that e.g., in agriculture the efficiency of applied pesticides was very low due to their occurrence in powder form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residues of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Agricultural Soils Adjacent to Historical Sources of Their Storage and Distribution—The Case Study of Azerbaijan

Ukalska‐Jaruga

Lewińska

Mammadov³

et al. 2020

Molecules

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The aim of this study was to identify and examine the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil collected from the surroundings of historical pesticide storage facilities on former agricultural aerodromes, warehouses, and pesticide distribution sites located in the most important agricultural regions in Azerbaijan. The conducted research included determination of three groups of POPs (occurring together), in the natural soil environment influenced for many years by abiotic and biotic factors that could have caused their transformations or decomposition. In this study, soil samples were collected in 21 georeferenced points located in the administrative area of Bilasuvar, Saatly, Sabirabad, Salyan and Jalilabad districts of Azerbaijan. Soil chemical analysis involved determination of organochlorine compounds (OCP): hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) (three isomers α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (six congeners 2,4 DDT; 4,4 DDT; 2,4 DDE; 4,4 DDE; 2,4 DDE; and 4,4 DDE); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): 16 compounds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency US EPA list and, PCBs (seven congeners identified with the following IUPAC numbers: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180). Our research showed that OCPs reached the highest concentration in the studied areas. The total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0.01 to 21,888 mg·kg −1 with significantly higher concentrations of Σ6DDTs (0.01 µg kg −1 to 21880 mg kg −1 ) compared to ΣHCH (0.14 ng kg −1 to 166.72 µg kg −1 ). The total concentrations of PCBs in the studied soils was varied from 0.02 to 147.30 µg·kg −1 but only PCB138 and PCB180 were detected in all analyzed samples. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs were also strongly diversified throughout the sampling areas and ranged from 0.15 to 16,026 mg kg −1 . The obtained results confirmed that the agricultural soils of Azerbaijan contained much lower (up to by three orders of magnitude) concentrations of PCBs and PAHs than DDT. It is supported by the fact that PCBs and PAHs were not directly used by agriculture sector and their content results from secondary sources, such as combustion and various industrial processes. Moreover, the high concentrations of PAHs in studied soils were associated with their location in direct neighborhood of the airport, as well as with accumulation of contaminants from dispersed sources and long range transport. The high concentrations of pesticides confirm that deposition of parent OCPs have occurred from obsolete pesticide landfills.

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Currently and recently used pesticides in Central European arable soils

Cited by 213 publications

References 36 publications

The Impact of Pesticides on Flower‐Visiting Insects: A Review with Regard to European Risk Assessment

The Impact of Pesticides on Flower‐Visiting Insects: A Review with Regard to European Risk Assessment

Effects of metazachlor and its major metabolite metazachlor OA on early life stages of marbled crayfish

Residues of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Agricultural Soils Adjacent to Historical Sources of Their Storage and Distribution—The Case Study of Azerbaijan

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