Curtobacterium ammoniigenes sp. nov., an ammonia-producing bacterium isolated from plants inhabiting acidic swamps in actual acid sulfate soil areas of Vietnam

Abstract

The ammonia-producing bacteria B55T , CA73, SA69 and SA72 were isolated from the waterweeds Ludwigia adscendens (B55 T ) and Eleocharis dulcis (CA73, SA69 and SA72) grown in highly acidic swamps (pH 2-4) in actual acid sulfate soil areas of Vietnam. The isolates were Gram-positive, irregular rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain B55 T was shown to belong to the genus Curtobacterium of the class Actinobacteria. Chemotaxonomic data (MK-9 as major isoprenoid quinone, D-ornithine as cell-wall diamino acid, acetyl as the acyl type of peptidoglycan) supported the affiliation of all four strains to this genus. Although their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was 99 % to species with validly published names within the genus, they formed a group that was distinct in the phylogenetic tree, and DNA-DNA relatedness values to these established species were less than 10 %. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and major fatty acids (cyclohexyl-C 17 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 and cyclohexyl-C 19 : 0 ) allowed phenotypic differentiation of these strains from the species of Curtobacterium with validly published names. Therefore, strains B55 T , CA73, SA69 and SA72 represent a novel species, for which the name Curtobacterium ammoniigenes sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B55 T (=NBRC 101786The genus Curtobacterium was first described by Yamada & Komagata (1972) and, at present, the genus comprises six recognized species, isolated from rice (Curtobacterium citreum, the type species; Komagata & Iizuka, 1964;Yamada & Komagata, 1972) Strains were grown on one-tenth-strength tryptic soy (1/10 TS) agar plates [3.0 g tryptic soy broth l 21 solidified with 15.0 g agar l 21 (Difco), pH 4.1] at 28 uC under aerobic conditions followed by selection on the basis of neutralization of 1/10 TS liquid medium (pH 4) determined by measuring the pH of culture supernatants after a 3 day cultivation period. Strain B55T was obtained from a stem of L. adscendens, and strains CA73, SA69 and SA72 were isolated from stems of E. dulcis. All strains showed growth between pH 3.5 and 8.0, with an optimum at pH 4-5. On 1/10 TS liquid medium (pH 4.1), the strains alkalinized the medium to pH 7.2 and the concentration of ammonium ions in the medium was increased from 0.14 to 0.61 mM. This increase seemed to be responsible for the neutralization since, by the addition of ammonium to fresh acidic medium to a final concentration of 0.61 mM, the pH increased from pH 4.1 to 7.2. No or little alkalinization or increase in the ammonium ion concentration was observed on 1/10 TS liquid medium of pH 7 or above. All strains showed good growth on 1/10 TS (pH 4.1) at 25-37 u C with an optimum at 30 u C, but did not grow at 4 or 45 u C. On 1/10 TS agar (pH 4.1), the organisms formed smooth, round, convex, pale-yellow colonies. The strains were Gram-positive (Ryu, 1938), non-endospore-forming and aerobic. Motility was not observed.The 16S rRNA gene of each strain was amplified by PCR using universal pr...

Curtobacterium ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field

“…Strains: 1, DCY26 T (data from the present study); 2, C. albidum DSM 20512 T (Aizawa et al, 2007;Behrendt et al, 2002); 3, C. ammoniigenes NBRC 101786 T (Aizawa et al, 2007); 4, C. citreum DSM 20528 T (Aizawa et al, 2007;Behrendt et al, 2002); 5, C. flaccumfaciens LMG 3645 T (Aizawa et al, 2007;Behrendt et al, 2002); 6, C. herbarum DSM 14013 T (Behrendt et al, 2002); 7, C. luteum DSM 20542 T (Aizawa et al, 2007;Behrendt et al, 2002); 8, C. pusillum DSM 20527 T (Aizawa et al, 2007;Behrendt et al, 2002); 9, R. caricis VKM Ac-1799 T (Dorofeeva et al, 2002); 10, R. festucae VKM Ac-1390 T (Dorofeeva et al, 2002); 11, R. iranicus DSM 7484 T (Behrendt et al, 2002;Dorofeeva et al, 2002); 12, R. rathayi DSM 7485 T (Behrendt et al, 2002;Dorofeeva et al, 2002); 13, R. toxicus DSM 7488 T (Behrendt et al, 2002;Dorofeeva et al, 2002;Sasaki et al, 1998); 14, R. tritici DSM 7486 T (Behrendt et al, 2002;Dorofeeva et al, 2002). +, Positive; 2, negative; ND, no data available.…”

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens Septic Arthritis following Puncture with a Coxspur Hawthorn Thorn

“…Further species C. ammoniigenes and C. ginsengisoli have been recently proposed (1,8). The organism named C. plantarum may not actually be a member of the genus (5).…”

Novel members of the family Micromonosporaceae, Rugosimonospora acidiphila gen. nov., sp. nov. and Rugosimonospora africana sp. nov.

“…50 % higher content of ai-C 17 : 0 in Delta3 T was confirmed under the different cultivation conditions (see Table 2). Cyclohexyl C 17 : 0 has been found in major amounts in some representatives of the family Microbacteriaceae (Suzuki & Komagata, 1983;Aizawa et al, 2007;Qiu et al, 2007;Vaz-Moreira et al, 2008), but not in the family Micromonosporaceae. We are aware that the difference in fatty acid patterns between the two strains is striking, especially when considering their high 16S rRNA gene sequence relatedness.…”