Custom-Made Ion Exchange Membranes at Laboratory Scale for Reverse Electrodialysis

Villafaña-López, Liliana; Reyes-Valadez, Daniel M.; Vargas, Óscar; Suárez-Toriello, V.A.; Jaime-Ferrer, J.S.

doi:10.3390/membranes9110145

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Membrane swelling is another essential parameter that may negatively affect the performance of RED because, for instance, the thickness of the membrane may increase its electrical resistance, leading to reduced power output from RED. Despite the fact that swelling degree is often measured as water uptake in literature [36,41], it is worth mentioning that membrane swelling must also be quantified in terms of membrane dimensional changes. Therefore, in this work the effect of swelling on both membrane thickness and diameter is evaluated.…”

Section: Membrane Surface Characterization: Contact Angle Water Uptake Ion Exchange Capacity Fixed Charge Density Swelling and Fourier Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Poly(Acrylic) Acid-Modified Heterogenous Anion Exchange Membranes with Improved Monovalent Permselectivity for RED

et al. 2020

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The performance of anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) in Reverse Electrodialysis is hampered by both presence of multivalent ions and fouling phenomena, thus leading to reduced net power density. Therefore, we propose a monolayer surface modification procedure to functionalize Ralex-AEMs with poly(acrylic) acid (PAA) in order to (i) render a monovalent permselectivity, and (ii) minimize organic fouling. Membrane surface modification was carried out by putting heterogeneous AEMs in contact with a PAA-based aqueous solution for 24 h. The resulting modified membranes were firstly characterized by contact angle, water uptake, ion exchange capacity, fixed charge density, and swelling degree measurements, whereas their electrochemical responses were evaluated through cyclic voltammetry. Besides, their membrane electro-resistance was also studied via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. Finally, membrane permselectivity and fouling behavior in the presence of humic acid were evaluated through mass transport experiments using model NaCl containing solutions. The use of modified PAA-AEMs resulted in a significantly enhanced monovalent permselectivity (sulfate rejection improved by >35%) and membrane hydrophilicity (contact angle decreased by >15%) in comparison with the behavior of unmodified Ralex-AEMs, without compromising the membrane electro-resistance after modification, thus demonstrating the technical feasibility of the proposed membrane modification procedure. This study may therefore provide a feasible way for achieving an improved Reverse Electrodialysis process efficiency.

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Section: Membrane Surface Characterization: Contact Angle Water Uptake Ion Exchange Capacity Fixed Charge Density Swelling and Fourier Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Poly(Acrylic) Acid-Modified Heterogenous Anion Exchange Membranes with Improved Monovalent Permselectivity for RED

et al. 2020

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“…The details of the different techniques used for the membrane characterization were reported previously [ 19 , 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospinning of Polyepychlorhydrin and Polyacrylonitrile Anionic Exchange Membranes for Reverse Electrodialysis

et al. 2021

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The saline gradient present in river mouths can be exploited using ion-exchange membranes in reverse electrodialysis (RED) for energy generation. However, significant improvements in the fabrication processes of these IEMs are necessary to increase the overall performance of the RED technology. This work proposes an innovative technique for synthesizing anion exchange membranes (AEMs) via electrospinning. The AEM synthesis was carried out by applying a high voltage while ejecting a mixture of polyepichlorohydrin (PECH), 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO® 33-LV) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) at room temperature. Different ejection parameters were used, and the effects of various thermal treatments were tested on the resulting membranes. The AEMs presented crosslinking between the polymers and significant fiber homogeneity with diameters between 1400 and 1510 nm, with and without thermal treatment. Good chemical resistance was measured, and all synthesized membranes were of hydrophobic character. The thickness, roughness, swelling degree, specific fixed-charge density and ion-exchange capacity were improved over equivalent membranes produced by casting, and also when compared with commercial membranes. Finally, the results of the study of the electrospinning parameters indicate that a better performance in electrochemical properties was produced from fibers generated at ambient humidity conditions, with low flow velocity and voltage, and high collector rotation velocity.

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“…The important parameters of the IEM for RED system are the thickness, membrane structure, IEC, areal resistance, and permselectivity, etc. [14][15][16]. Among them, the thickness and structure of the IEM influence critically the performance of the RED system because it affects how ions move smoothly by penetrating the IEM body.…”

Section: Features Of the Conventional Ion Exchange Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Exchange Membrane for Reverse Electrodialysis

Jang

2021

AJOP

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Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are used for exchanging or removing ions from the solutions so that they are fabricated by polymers rather than metals or ceramics. When metal is in contact with the solutions, some reaction or corrosion occurs, and ceramic is difficult to use in membrane form because it is brittle. Also, normal metals and ceramics do not have high ion-exchange properties so that polymers are used widely as a host material of the IEM. The conventional IEMs are either layered membrane consisted of ion exchange material and support layer, and thick bulk membrane. There are no critical problems to use them for water treatment, but they are not suitable for electrochemical application such as reverse electrodialysis (RED). RED is a method of making electricity by sequential ion transport through semi-permeable membranes and electrochemical reaction at the electrode part so that the IEMs need to be developed for getting the structure not to interfere with ion movement through the IEM body. In the RED system, the IEMs are involved in separating ions to create the chemical potential which makes a voltage in the electrochemical system. IEMs for RED has not yet been widely adopted, and most of them are the membrane for electrodialysis (ED). Therefore, we need to study engineering approaches to improve the IEM properties.

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Custom-Made Ion Exchange Membranes at Laboratory Scale for Reverse Electrodialysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 71 publications

Characterization of Poly(Acrylic) Acid-Modified Heterogenous Anion Exchange Membranes with Improved Monovalent Permselectivity for RED

Characterization of Poly(Acrylic) Acid-Modified Heterogenous Anion Exchange Membranes with Improved Monovalent Permselectivity for RED

Electrospinning of Polyepychlorhydrin and Polyacrylonitrile Anionic Exchange Membranes for Reverse Electrodialysis

Ion Exchange Membrane for Reverse Electrodialysis

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