“…In this respect, the authors of References [177][178][179][180][181][182][183] have thoroughly reviewed the role of storage systems in modern smart grids in terms of applications, costs, characteristics, optimal operation, sizing, and hybridization of storage technologies. For instance, the applications may include, but not limited to, energy arbitrage [184][185][186][187][188][189], peak shaving [190][191][192], frequency regulation [193][194][195][196] and [197], spinning reserves [198], voltage support [199][200][201], black start capabilities [202], intermittency smoothing [203], congestion mitigation [204], system expansion deferrals [205], multi-agent grid services [206][207][208][209], and load-following applications [210]; Tables 7 and 8 highlight the most recent characteristics of storage technologies.…”