Cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infections: recent developments on host–fungus interactions

Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Infectious Diseases of the Skin

“…They are known to invade the SC, causing onychomycosis, tinea cruris, tinea corporis, and tinea capitis. T. rubrum is the most common pathogen causing dermatophytosis, and the emerging dominance of the T. mentagrophytes complex has also been noted recently 21 . Onychomycosis represents 50% of all nail diseases with a worldwide prevalence ranging from 2% to 8%.…”

“…According to clinical findings, it is divided into cutaneous and soft tissue, rhino-orbitocerebral, gastrointestinal, renal, abdominal, bones and joints mucormycosis. Abscess, necrosis, dry ulcers, skin swelling and eschars are characteristic signs 21 . Candidiasis, (Candida spp.)…”

“…is a commensal organism of human skin that can go into pathogenic mode to cause mucosal or disseminated candidiasis. It is a unique type of candidiasis characterized by severe, recurrent or persistent infections of the skin, nails and mucosa by Candida organisms 21 . Malassezia is the most common fungus on mammalian skin and >90% of all skin fungi belong to this genus.…”

“…Therefore, Malassezia can be associated with a variety of skin disorders, from chronic to severe. It is estimated to affect more than 140 million people worldwide each year 21 . Sporotrichosis is a skin infection caused by the fungus Sporothrixschenckii and its transmission is usually by direct inoculation into the skin and subcutaneous tissue.…”

“…Talaromycosis, talaromycesmarneffei, is an important thermal dimorphic fungus in tropical countries of South and Southeast Asia. The characteristic lesions are papules with central necrosis, but other symptoms may also occur, including papules and ulcers 21 . Parasitic Diseases of the Skin Epidermal parasitic skin diseases include scabies, pediculosis, cutaneous larva migrans, myiasis, and tungiasis 22, 23 .…”