Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in a healthy pediatric population: Diagnostic value of diptheriatetanus toxoids

Franz, Michael; Carella, Joseph A.; Galant, Stanley P.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(76)81053-0

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Neonatal lymphocytes from CB have reduced T cell [39,40] and NK cell function [41,42] and decreased typespecifi c antibody production [43,44] . Harris et al [45,46] and others have also reported that CB is composed of phenotypically and functionally immature lymphocytes that are associated with decreased alloantigen-specifi c CTL [47,48] .…”

Section: Lymphocytic Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulation of Expression of Immunoregulatory and Cytokine Genes and Its Association with the Immaturity in Neonatal Phagocytic and Cellular Immunity

et al. 2005

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Background: Innate and adaptive immunity is comprised of cellular and humoral factors that provide rapid protection against microbial invasion. However, immaturity of innate and adaptive immune responses in the perinatal period predisposes the neonate to increased infectious morbidity and mortality from a variety of organisms. Objectives: To elucidate dysregulation of expression of various immunoregulatory and cytokine genes and its association with the immaturity in neonatal phagocytic cellular immunity. Methods: Comparison of protein production and mRNA of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin (IL)-12, IL-15 and IL-18 in adult peripheral blood (APB) mononuclear cells (MNC) and cord blood (CB) MNC was studied. Effects of hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs, GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF, IL-11) were studied in vivo in rats as well as randomized controlled studies conducted in neonates. Oligonucleotide microarrays were used to study gene expression patterns of activated CB and APB monocytes and dendritic cells. Results and Conclusions: We demonstrated dysregulation of various immunoregulatory and cytokine genes in CB MNC. This dysregulation may in part explain the immaturity of neonatal cell-mediated immunity. There are probably various dysregulated cytokines yet to be discovered. Biological agents such as IL-2, IL-12, IL-11 and/or IL-18 alone or in combination with HGFs should be considered for future studies to identify new approaches to enhance neonatal host defense, and thereby decrease the incidence of neonatal sepsis and the consequent high risk of morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Lymphocytic Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulation of Expression of Immunoregulatory and Cytokine Genes and Its Association with the Immaturity in Neonatal Phagocytic and Cellular Immunity

et al. 2005

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“…Since several studies reported increases in immunocompetence with age, the level of immune function of the Peruvian and U.S. samples may be underestimated compared to the Turkana children. Second, some of the children in the Peruvian study had received BCG vaccines, which would be expected to elevate their response to tuberculin (Franz et al, 1976). Regardless of these factors Turkana children exhibited higher levels of anergy t o all antigens except tuberculin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible explanation is inadequate prior exposure to microbial antigens. Several studies have investigated CMI response through DTH using antigens for which there is a known exposure because of immunization or culture confirmation (Franz et al, 1976;Russell and Lay, 1973;Borut et al, 1980). These studies have confirmed that in a healthy population, even infants exhibit positive DTH responses.…”

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The long-term effect of vaccination is to enhance DTH skin test reactivity for each particular antigen. Kniker et al (1985) and Franz et al (1976) found an exceptionally good correlation between positive reaction to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and to tuberclin in children with a history of previous immunization with DTP and BCG vaccines; the percentage of posi-tive reactions was inversely correlated with the time elapsed since immunization. It is, therefore, important to cross-classify subjects according to immunization history.…”

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Cell‐mediated immunocompetence among nomadic Turkana children

Shell‐Duncan

1993

American J Hum Biol

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Cell-mediated immune function is readily impaired by nutritional and disease stress, while depressed cellular immunity, in turn, increases an individual's susceptibility to infection. The measurement of cellular immunity through delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) testing can provide important prognostic information, including the prediction of future health and survival, and can easily be performed in nonclinical settings. In a sample of 64 nomadic Turkana children, DTH response was measured seasonally by the simultaneous application of five standardized recall antigens and a glycerin control (Multiest CMI®). Reactivity, measured by mm of induration, varied substantially by antigen, with tuberculin eliciting the strongest response. However, the majority of children (56.2%) were nonreactive to all administered test antigens, indicating a level of anergy significantly higher than that found in U.S. and Peruvian juvenile populations. DTH response did not vary by sex or age of the subject. In addition, immunocompetence did not fluctuate seasonally. These results suggest that the level of immunosuppression found among Turkana children is extremely high, and may be an important determinant of the high rates of morbidity and mortality found in this population. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Las pruebas de hipersensibilidad retardada han empleado antlgenos como tuberculina, toxoide tetanico, toxoide difterico y Candida con resultados positivos en un alto numero de ninos sanos y han demostrado buena correlation con otras pruebas de inmunidad celular, tales como la estimulacion de linfocitos in vitro (transformation linfoblastica) 30 " 33 . La reaction de multipuntura para tuberculina ha sido utilizada por mas de 25 aflos 34 .…”

Section: Comentariounclassified

Prueba múltiple para inmunidad celular en niños con infecciones recurrentes

L¹,

Anderson²,

S³

et al. 1992

Rev. chil. pediatr.

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Cell-mediated immune response was evaluated by multitest for cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity with seven recall antigens and a glycerol diluent control in children with recurrent infections. Fifty patients, aged 4.9 years mean (range 1 to 14 years), were selected by a score based on frequency, localization, severity and etiology of infectious episodes (Hosking) 13 . Results were confronted with those obtained from 21 healthy children aged 4.4 years mean (range 1 to 4 years, p; ns). Patients had lower number of positive reactions (2.06 vs 3.95) and lower sum up diameter of all positive indurations (7.29 vs 13.69) than controls (p < 0.01). Responses to tetanic, diphteric, tuberculin and Proteus mirabitis antigens were significantly lower in patients versus controls (magnitudes). Anergy was detected in 20% of patients. Diminished cellular immune response in children with recurrent infections may be adquired and transient. This alteration may worsen their pathological conditions or it mat be the consequence of multiple infectious episodes.

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Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in a healthy pediatric population: Diagnostic value of diptheriatetanus toxoids

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

Dysregulation of Expression of Immunoregulatory and Cytokine Genes and Its Association with the Immaturity in Neonatal Phagocytic and Cellular Immunity

Dysregulation of Expression of Immunoregulatory and Cytokine Genes and Its Association with the Immaturity in Neonatal Phagocytic and Cellular Immunity

Cell‐mediated immunocompetence among nomadic Turkana children

Prueba múltiple para inmunidad celular en niños con infecciones recurrentes

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