Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Travellers: a Focus on Epidemiology and Treatment in 2015

Showler, Adrienne; Boggild, Andrea K.

doi:10.1007/s11908-015-0489-2

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Eleven million people are infected by the Leishmania parasite worldwide, and 2 million new infections are reported annually [1]. Approximately 90 % of all Leishmania infections are cutaneous forms; they are characterized as multilocular, chronic or Peru and Bolivia [2]. During transmission, the sandflies inoculate the infective forms of Leishmania, named promastigotes, into the skin, and the dermal macrophages internalize them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the P2X7 receptor in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: aspects of inflammation and parasite control

Figliuolo

Chaves

Savio

et al. 2016

Purinergic Signalling

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Leishmania amazonensis is the etiological agent of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. The immunopathology of leishmaniasis caused by L. amazonensis infection is dependent on the pathogenic role of effector CD4 + T cells. Purinergic signalling has been implicated in resistance to infection by different intracellular parasites. In this study, we evaluated the role of the P2X7 receptor in modulating the immune response and susceptibility to infection by L. amazonensis. We found that P2X7-deficient mice are more susceptible to L. amazonensis infection than wild-type (WT) mice. P2X7 deletion resulted in increased lesion size and parasite load. Our histological analysis showed an increase in cell infiltration in infected footpads of P2X7-deficient mice. Analysis of the cytokine profile in footpad homogenates showed increased levels of IFN-γ and decreased TGF-β production in P2X7-deficient mice, suggesting an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response. In addition, we observed that CD4 + and CD8 + T cells from infected P2X7-deficient mice exhibit a higher proliferative capacity than infected WT mice. These data suggest that P2X7 receptor plays a key role in parasite control by regulating T effector cells and inflammation during L. amazonensis infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the P2X7 receptor in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: aspects of inflammation and parasite control

Figliuolo

Chaves

Savio

et al. 2016

Purinergic Signalling

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“…The average number of CL cases, which is 0.7-1.3 million per year, continues to increase rapidly in our country and all over the world due to the difficulties and inadequacies in the fight against the disease (4,5,7). This increases the importance of producing a protective vaccine against the disease, which is a serious public health problem (3,6,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and molecular characterization of thiol-specific antioxidant gene of Leishmania tropica Turkey isolate

Özavci¹,

Kaplan²

2019

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: Thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA) protein is one of the most promising molecules among candidates for vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis. It was found to be significantly protective against different Leishmania species. In this study, cloning and molecular characterization of thiol-specific antioxidant gene of L. tropica Turkey isolate (LtTSA) were aimed. Materials and methods: LtTSA was amplified by PCR using the specific primers of TSA gene and cloned into the pcDNA3.1 vector. The cloning was confirmed by PCR screening, restriction enzyme reactions, and DNA sequence analysis. Finally, three-dimensional structure and antigenic properties of the protein encoded by the LtTSA were determined. Results: Six hundred base pair bands belonging to LtTSA were shown with electrophoresis. It was found that LtTSA and its encoded protein have high similarity with different Leishmania species. LtTSA protein consisting of 199 amino acids was found to have 7 different antigenic regions. Conclusion: LtTSA and its encoded TSA protein were found to be highly immunogenic and similar to TSA proteins previously tested as a vaccine candidate.

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“…Studies showed that nanosilver cement has high antibacterial activity and high effectiveness against multi resistant bacteria without cytotoxicity in vitro. Recently, findings have demonstrated that nanosilver has anti-inflammatory effects and increases wound healing and dressings of wounds [1,2,37]. If these results are confirmed in vivo, nanosilver may be appropriate for ulcer treatment [1].…”

Section: Application Of Nano Drugs In Treatment Of Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nano Drugs in Treatment of Leishmaniasis

Shahcheraghi¹

2016

Glob J Infect Dis Clin Res

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Objective: Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries with incidence rate of 1.5-2 million; the most common form of leishmaniasis is cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with 1.5 million new cases per year. Correct diagnosis and characterization of the particular parasite is important for evaluating prognosis and prescribing appropriate treatment. The current management of leishmaniasis is drug treatment of patients, to alleviate disease and vector control to reduce its transmission. Also, current treatments for visceral leishmaniasis are unsatisfactory because of their toxicity, resistance and high cost. The purpose of the present study was to review the application of nano drugs in treatment of leishmaniasis. Materials and Methods:it was used as source of research the following databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scielo, PubMed and the database of CAPES.Results: It has been proved nanosilver particles with highly small sizes, have a good penetration into the cutaneous lesions and a good efficacy on leishmaniasis.anti-leishmanial therapy [14][15][16][17]. Although glucantime is commonly used for the treatment of leishmaniasis, it has some side effects including increased liver enzymes and electrocardiogram changes [17]. In addition, the drug is expensive, the injection is painful, and research shows that resistance of parasite to glucantime is growing in different parts of the world [17][18][19][20]. The use of nanotechnology is ever-expanding in today's technologically advanced world. This form of technology has many advantages over existing ones in many fields and medicine is one of them [20]. There are numerous devices and mechanisms developed with the aid of nanotechnology that can help cure diseases/disorders in a much better and more efficient manner [21]. The usefulness of nanotechnology can especially be seen in the treatment of infectious diseases [21,22]. This review has investigated the treatment of leishmaniasis by nano drugs. Nano drugs against leishmaniasisNanotechnology must be applied for curing infectious disease like leishmaniasis [22]. Many drugs have been made and are still being discovered, but the protozoan re-emerges showing drug resistance to the effective medications [23]. Nanotechnology has just managed to show its promise in developing a liposomal formulation called amphotericin B for leishmaniasis but has serious side effects and is not cost effective in developing countries [23][24][25]. Initial, nanodelivery systems for delivering chemotherapeutics were nanodisks impregnanted with amphotericin B, polymericnanoparticle loaded with pentamidine, primaquine, and niosomes, which still need validation at the clinical level [25][26][27][28]. There is an urgent need to take up assignments to use effective nanotechnology devices in combating this infectious disease [25][26][27][28].Different mechanisms were proposed for antimicrobial property of nanoparticles [28]. One mechanism is binding of nanoparticle to sulfur/ phosphorus-containing biomolecules such as proteins and DNA, which leads to...

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Travellers: a Focus on Epidemiology and Treatment in 2015

Cited by 28 publications

References 98 publications

The role of the P2X7 receptor in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: aspects of inflammation and parasite control

The role of the P2X7 receptor in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: aspects of inflammation and parasite control

Cloning and molecular characterization of thiol-specific antioxidant gene of Leishmania tropica Turkey isolate

Application of Nano Drugs in Treatment of Leishmaniasis

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