Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors and Nociceptors

Burgess, P. R.; Perl, Edward R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65438-1_3

Cited by 349 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…This is consistent with the conclusions of previous papers in which responsiveness to ramp and plateau indentations of various magnitudes and velocities as well as one-to-one following tuning curves to a sinusoidal indentation were studied (OGAwA et al, 1981). The present experiment may give positive support to the hypothesis regarding the transduction mechanisms of various mechanoreceptor afferent units, proposed by BURGESS and PERL (1973) and IGGO (1974). However, the results obtained from testing for different frequencies and amplitudes did not necessarily match the phase shift expected from the behavior as ideal displacement-, velocity-, or acceleration-detectors (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Threshold response phase to sinusoidal stimulation of frog cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units.

1984

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While applying sinusoidal indentations of various frequencies and amplitudes to the receptive field of cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units in frogs, we measured latencies of spikes after the time point when sinusoidal stimulation crossed the neutral position from withdrawal to indentation phase. Frog type I (Ft I) and frog type II (Ft II) slowly adapting (SA) units produced spikes only at the indentation phase, and the threshold response phase (TRP), i.e. the phase of the first spike was for ca. 45° at a small amplitude of stimulation. At low frequencies of sinusoidal stimulations, the TRP of Ft II units advanced gradually with an increase in amplitude, conforming to the theoretical expectation as displacement-detectors. But the TRP of Ft I units did not show such an advance with an increase in stimulus amplitude. Rapidly adapting (RA) type I and type II units mostly produced phase-locked discharges at two different phases; the former discharged at ca. 0° and 180° (phase of the highest velocity) and the latter at ca. -90° and 90° (phase of the highest acceleration) at the smallest amplitude used. At a large amplitude, RA type II units showed advance in discharge phase like a theoretical acceleration-detector, but performance of RA type I units did not fit that of the theoretical velocity-detectors. Both types of SA units showed frequency-phase relations which roughly agreed with the performance of the theoretical displacement-detectors in the range below 5 Hz, but RA units of either type did not follow the expectation as the theoretical velocity-detector or acceleration-detector.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…detectors (BURGESS and PERL, 1973 ;IGGO, 1974). The experimental basis for this classification seems rather meager, although several investigators tried to obtain confirming evidence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold response phase to sinusoidal stimulation of frog cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units.

1984

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“…(A projection was determined to be of C-afferent fibers by the appearance of evoked impulses and, usually, also from intracellularly recorded excitatory postsynaptic potentials to afferent volleys at a latency consistent with and dependent on C-fiber input.) In cat hairy skin, a large proportion of receptors with thin afferent fibers that respond to gentle mechanical stimulation of the skin are also excited by sudden cooling (26). Therefore, central cells that are excited by both innocuous mechanical stimuli and sudden cooling cannot be presumed to have an additional projection from another kind of sense organ (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is ATP a central synaptic mediator for certain primary afferent fibers from mammalian skin?

Fyffe¹,

Perl²

1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

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The possibility that ATP acts as a synaptic mediator at the central terminals of primary afferent fibers was examined by applying it iontophoretically to neurons of the outer layers of the cat spinal cord in vivo, ATP proved to be selectively excitatory for a limited subset of spinal neurons. Those units consistently excited by ATP iontophoresis with very small currents (2-15 nA) responded to gentle mechanical stimulation of the skin and usually evidenced excitatory input from unmyelinated primary afferent fibers. Most units excited by ATP were specifically mechanoreceptive; a few neurons receiving excitatory input from both low-threshold mechanoreceptors and nociceptors also responded to ATP. Selectively nocireceptive neurons were unresponsive. Generally, the mechanoreceptive neurons excited by ATP were located in the deeper substantia gelatinosa or in the immediately adjacent nucleus proprius of the dorsal horn. The results suggest the presence of a purinergic excitatory receptor on central neurons receiving excitatory projection from tactile mechanoreceptors with finediameter afferent fibers and are consistent with the possibility that an ATP-like agent may mediate central synaptic excitation for this set of sense organs.The list of putative neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system has grown substantially in the past decade. ATP has not received much attention in this regard; although it has long been known to be associated with synaptic vesicles and hormone granules containing other potent neurohumoral or synaptic mediators (1-3), its function in these vesicles has not been established. Speculations about its role have included the provision of energy for the accumulation or release of a transmitter and as a factor in ionic balance (4). There is evidence that ATP is, itself, a specific mediator in the autonomic supply to the mammalian gastrointestinal tract (5). Another possibility for ATP in synaptic function has emerged as a result of work by Jessell's group (6) on the fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) found in the spinal substantia gelatinosa of the rat. They found that FRAP acts selectively on 5' nucleotide substrates (6) and that in cultures of mixed spinal dorsal horn neurons from the rat, locally applied ATP excites a subpopulation of neurons (7). These observations led them to revive Holton and Holton's proposal of 1954 (8) that a releasable store of ATP contained in some dorsal root ganglion neurons acts as a central and peripheral mediator. In the past, this idea generated little enthusiasm. In vivo tests in rat and cat found locally applied ATP to have little or no selectivity in activating functionally defined central neurons, and it has been proposed that the excitatory actions of ATP are the result of a nonspecific calcium chelation (9, 10).The spinal substantia gelatinosa, the region containing FRAP, is a termination zone principally for thin primary afferent fibers (11-13). Because of this, the region was long associated with pain mechanisms (12, 14), a postu...

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“…Inflammatory pain involves high threshold polymodal nociceptors associated with C fibres (Burgess & Perl, 1973) and the threshold of these nociceptors is lowered by prostaglandins (Perl, 1976).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral analgesia: mechanism of the analgesic action of aspirin‐like drugs and opiate‐antagonists.

Ferreira¹

1980

Brit J Clinical Pharma

108

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1 Prostaglandins released by tissue injury sensitize nociceptors and produce hyperalgesia. 2 Aspirin‐like drugs inhibit prostaglandins I2 and E2, synthesis, which explains their anti‐algic effect. 3 The anti‐ algic effect of aspirin‐like drugs in carrageenin‐induced rat paw inflammation may involve a central component. 4 Prostaglandin E2‐ induced hyperalgesia, once established, is not relieved by systemically administered drugs. 5 Prostaglandin‐induced hyperalgesia is possibly a cyclic adenosine, 3′,5′‐monophosphate C2+ dependent process. 6 Morphine, enkephalins, opiate antagonists and cyclic guanosine 3′,5′‐ monophosphate have a peripheral analgesic effect in the prostaglandin hyperalgesia test. 7 Morphine may produce peripheral analgesia by inhibiting adenylatecyclase activity at the nociceptors.

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Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors and Nociceptors

Cited by 349 publications

References 121 publications

Threshold response phase to sinusoidal stimulation of frog cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units.

Threshold response phase to sinusoidal stimulation of frog cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units.

Is ATP a central synaptic mediator for certain primary afferent fibers from mammalian skin?

Peripheral analgesia: mechanism of the analgesic action of aspirin‐like drugs and opiate‐antagonists.

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