Cutaneous protothecosis responds rapidly to voriconazole

Yun, Changhun; Jeong, Ji Hun; Ryu, Ha Ryeong; Kim, Ji Hoon; Baek, Jin Ok; Lee, Jong Rok; Seo, Yiel Hea; Roh, Joo Young

doi:10.1111/ijd.13160

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…For the identification of Prototheca spp., an alternative to all methods mentioned above is DNA sequencing, most commonly performed within the ribosomal operon. Indeed, PCR amplification followed by sequencing of the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (18S rRNA), ITS region, and/or large-subunit (LSU) rRNA gene (28S rRNA) portions has been a common strategy for species delineation also in the clinical setting (4,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41) and for inference of phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships within and beyond the Prototheca genus (18,19,23,24,42,43). What hampers this approach from becoming a routine diagnostic tool are mainly time and financial constraints, especially for large-scale investigations.…”

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confidence: 99%

cytb as a New Genetic Marker for Differentiation of Prototheca Species

et al. 2018

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Achlorophyllous unicellular microalgae of the genus (, ) are the only known plants that cause infections in both humans and animals, collectively referred to as protothecosis. Human protothecosis, most commonly manifested as cutaneous, articular, and disseminated disease, is primarily caused by, followed by and, sporadically, by and In veterinary medicine, however, is a major pathogen responsible for bovine mastitis, which is a predominant form of protothecal disease in animals. Historically, identification of spp. has relied upon phenotypic criteria; these were later replaced by molecular typing schemes, including DNA sequencing. However, the molecular markers interrogated so far, mostly located in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cluster, do not provide sufficient discriminatory power to distinguish among all spp. currently recognized. Our study is the first attempt to develop a fast, reliable, and specific molecular method allowing identification of all spp. We propose the mitochondrial gene as a new and robust marker for diagnostics and phylogenetic studies of the algae. The gene displayed important advantages over the rDNA markers. Not only did the gene have the highest discriminatory capacity for resolving all species, but it also performed best in terms of technical feasibility, understood as ease of amplification, sequencing, and multiple alignment analysis. Based on the species-specific polymorphisms in the partial gene, we developed a fast and straightforward PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay for identification and differentiation of all species described so far. The newly proposed method is advocated to be a new gold standard in diagnostics of protothecal infections in human and animal populations.

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cytb as a New Genetic Marker for Differentiation of Prototheca Species

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“…Management: Localized disease may be treated with ketoconazole, itraconazole, or voriconazole,[ 50 ] and surgical excision. Adjunctive thermal therapy to isolated lesions may be effective.…”

Section: Sailing and Rowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical features: The condition presents with blisters and deep desquamation in areas covered by bathing suits. [ 50 ] Swimmers generally experience a stinging, burning, or itching sensation within 24 h of contact. [ 49 ] Shortly thereafter, erythematous dermatitis appears, most commonly surrounding the perineal and perianal areas that lasts for approximately 1 week.…”

Section: Invertebrate Stings and Envenomationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine and other aquatic dermatoses

Sridhar

Deo

2017

Indian J Dermatol

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Occupational and recreational aquatic activity predisposes our population to a wide variety of dermatoses. Sunburn, urticaria, jellyfish stings, and contact dermatitis to rubber equipment are common allergies that are encountered in the aquatic environment. Among the infections, tinea versicolor, intertrigo, and verruca vulgaris are widespread. Swimmer's itch may occur due to skin penetration by schistosome cercariae, while free-floating nematocysts of marine coelenterates may precipitate seabather's eruption. “Suit squeeze” due to cutaneous barotrauma and lymphoedematous peau d’orange due to decompression are rare, described entities. This review serves as a ready reckoner for Indian dermatologists and medical practitioners to identify and manage these conditions.

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Human Cutaneous Protothecosis: A Case Report and Review of Cases from Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan

et al. 2018

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We present a case of cutaneous protothecosis caused by Prototheca wickerhamii infection. The patient was a 72-year-old man with hypoalbuminemia. He responded well to fluconazole treatment. We reviewed this case along with 17 other cases of cutaneous protothecosis reported from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Of the 18 cases, 7 each occurred in mainland China and Taiwan, and 4 occurred in Hong Kong. Thirteen cases were caused by P. wickerhamii (72.2%), and three were caused by P. zopfii (16.7%); in two cases, the species was not identified (11.1%). In all, 9 (50%) patients were immunocompromised, and 10 (55.5%) patients denied having a history of trauma. All patients presented with polymorphic skin lesions, and erythematous papules, plaques, or nodules was the most common presentation (15/18, 83.3%). Genotyping was performed in five cases, mostly by means of small subunit ribosomal DNA amplification (four cases). Susceptibility tests (6 patients) showed that P. wickerhamii was sensitive to amphotericin B and voriconazole but resistant to fluconazole or itraconazole. Treatment succeeded in 15 (83.3%) patients and failed in 3 (16.7%). Our data indicate that the number of cutaneous protothecosis cases is underestimated in China, and the skin lesions have some diagnostic value.

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Cutaneous protothecosis responds rapidly to voriconazole

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

cytb as a New Genetic Marker for Differentiation of Prototheca Species

cytb as a New Genetic Marker for Differentiation of Prototheca Species

Marine and other aquatic dermatoses

Human Cutaneous Protothecosis: A Case Report and Review of Cases from Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan

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