Cutaneous Viability in a Rat Pedicled TRAM Flap Model

Abstract

The determination of necrosis allowed us to identify three distinct levels of necrosis: area 4 with the highest scores, area 3 with intermediate scores, and areas 1 and 2 with the lowest scores (p < 0.001). Areas 1 and 2 of the TRAM flap surface had less incidence of necrosis, contrary to the lateral areas 3 and 4, in which cutaneous necrosis was found to be more significant.

<em>In situ</em> Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

“…The highest rates of skin necrosis were found in zone IV (see representative data in Figures 9 and 10) consistent with other studies. 16,22,24,25,47 These findings correspond with the pattern of necrosis reported clinically in human TRAM flaps confirming that this is a faithful representation of the clinical problem. 14 The total percentage area flap necrosis was 37.86 ± 5.4% (mean ± SEM).…”

“…Most published rat TRAM models use the rectus abdominis muscle surrounding the chosen vascular pedicle as a carrier for the vascular pedicle. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]24,25 They do not accurately reflect the IRI as the flap is never undergoes a true period of ischemia followed by reperfusion.…”

“…The rat transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap was first described in 1987 in German 12 and in 1993 13 in English. This model gained wide popularity [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] as a cheap, robust model to investigate different strategies to reduce IRI associated with free tissue transfer.…”

“…14, [17][18][19][20][21][22] The majority of these studies were designed as unipedicled TRAM flaps based on the deep, inferior, epigastric vascular pedicle. [15][16][17][18][20][21][22] Comparison of the data from these studies is complicated by the use of different sized cutaneous islands (10.5 -30 cm 2 ) and different lengths of postoperative follow-up (2 -10 days). The average total percentage area flap necrosis in the control arm of these studies is 69 ± 6.2% (mean ± SEM).…”

Comparison of satisfactions from mastectomy and Lump Ectome in breast cancer patients

“…[ 1 ] Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancers among women in most countries as well as in Iran. [ 1 2 3 4 ] In America, breast cancer contains almost one-fourth of all kinds of cancers. [ 5 ] Also, 25% of all kind of cancers in Iranian women is breast cancer.…”