Cutaneous warming promotes sleep onset

Raymann, Roy; Swaab, Dick F.; Someren, Eus J.W. Van

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00492.2004

Cited by 147 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Such changes in the Ts promote sleep onset because sleep onset latency did not show any significant difference in the present study. Such changes in the Ts at sleep onset were similar to those in previous studies in which distal skin warming promoted sleep onset in a cool environment (Kräuchi et al 2000), while proximal skin warming reduced sleep onset in the absence of postural changes and when the lights were switched off (Raymann et al 2005). The Ts of the leg and thigh, i.e., not distal but the lower extremity, increased considerably before and after the lights were switched off under all three conditions used here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A possible mechanism in humans involves skin warming, which has been shown to increase neuronal activity in the POAH that comprises areas critically involved in both sleep and arousal regulation (Van Someren 2004, 2006Egan et al 2005;Raymann and Van Someren 2007). Such a mechanism is also supported by recent reports that subtle skin warming accelerates sleep onset in young healthy adults, despite being less comfortable (Raymann et al 2005). In the present study, there was an increase in the Ts of the thigh, leg, foot, and chest Body-mass loss (gm -2 h -1 ) Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A higher thermoneutral temperature was therefore applied by Raymann et al (2005). Thermoneutral temperature depends on thermal factors such as humidity, air velocity, and mean radiant temperature, as well as human factors such as metabolic rate and clothing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of airflow on body temperatures and sleep stages in a warm humid climate

et al. 2007

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Airflow is an effective way to increase heat loss-an ongoing process during sleep and wakefulness in daily life. However, it is unclear whether airflow stimulates cutaneous sensation and disturbs sleep or reduces the heat load and facilitates sleep. In this study, 17 male subjects wearing short pyjamas slept on a bed with a cotton blanket under two of the following conditions: (1) air temperature (Ta) 26 degrees C, relative humidity (RH) 50%, and air velocity (V) 0.2 m s(-1); (2) Ta 32 degrees C, RH 80%, V 1.7 m s(-1); (3) Ta 32 degrees C; RH 80%, V 0.2 m s(-1) (hereafter referred to as 26/50, 32/80 with airflow, and 32/80 with still air, respectively). Electroencephalograms, electrooculograms, and mental electromyograms were obtained for all subjects. Rectal (Tre) and skin (Ts) temperatures were recorded continuously during the sleep session, and body-mass was measured before and after the sleep session. No significant differences were observed in the duration of sleep stages between subjects under the 26/50 and 32/80 with airflow conditions; however, the total duration of wakefulness decreased significantly in subjects under the 32/80 with airflow condition compared to that in subjects under the 32/80 with still air condition (P<0.05). Tre, Tsk, Ts, and body-mass loss under the 32/80 with airflow condition were significantly higher compared to those under the 26/50 condition, and significantly lower than those under the 32/80 with still air condition (P<0.05). An alleviated heat load due to increased airflow was considered to exist between the 32/80 with still air and the 26/50 conditions. Airflow reduces the duration of wakefulness by decreasing Tre, Tsk, Ts, and body-mass loss in a warm humid condition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Effects of airflow on body temperatures and sleep stages in a warm humid climate

et al. 2007

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“…However, our results are in general accordance with findings in other suprasellar or hypothalamic diseases ( Table 5). The decrease in proximal skin temperature that we observed might explain the alterations in sleep quality and daytime wakefulness reported previously (3), as decreased proximal skin temperature is related to an increased sleep latency in both narcoleptics and healthy persons (27,28), and to sleep depth (29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Alterations in diurnal rhythmicity in patients treated for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma: a controlled study and literature review

Joustra

Thijs

Berg

et al. 2014

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Patients treated for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFMAs) have fatigue and alterations in sleep characteristics and sleep-wake rhythmicity frequently. As NFMAs often compress the optic chiasm, these complaints might be related to dysfunction of the adjacent suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We aimed to explore whether indirect indices of SCN functioning are altered in the long term after surgery for NFMAs. Methods: We studied 17 NFMA patients in long-term remission after transsphenoidal surgery, receiving adequate and stable hormone replacement for hypopituitarism, and 17 control subjects matched for age, gender, and BMI. Indirect indices of SCN function were assessed from 24-h ambulatory recordings of skin and core body temperatures, blood pressure, and salivary melatonin levels. Altered melatonin secretion was defined as an absence of evening rise, considerable irregularity, or daytime values O3 pg/ml. We additionally studied eight patients treated for craniopharyngioma. Results: Distal-proximal skin temperature gradient did not differ between NFMAs and control subjects, but proximal skin temperature was decreased during daytime (PZ0.006). Core body temperature and non-dipping of blood pressure did not differ, whereas melatonin secretion was often altered in NFMAs (OR 5.3, 95% CI 0.9-30.6). One or more abnormal parameters (R2.0 SDS of control subjects) were observed during nighttime in 12 NFMA patients and during daytime in seven NFMA patients. Similar patterns were observed in craniopharyngioma patients. Conclusion: Heterogeneous patterns of altered diurnal rhythmicity in skin temperature and melatonin secretion parameters were observed in the majority of patients treated for NFMAs. On a group level, both NFMA and craniopharyngioma patients showed a lower daytime proximal skin temperature than control subjects, but other group averages were not significantly different. The observations suggest altered function of central (or peripheral) clock machinery, possibly by disturbed entrainment or damage of the hypothalamic SCN by the suprasellar macroadenoma or its treatment.

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“…Admittedly, this association does not prove causality because patient selection may also be involved. Moreover, studies in healthy subjects showed that a circadian increase in body temperature was actually associated with skin vasoconstriction [22]. In addition to physiological rhythms, there also appears to be a circadian pattern in the risk of death in dialysis patients.…”

Section: Circadian Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycles, Arrows and Turbulence: Time Patterns in Renal Disease, a Path from Epidemiology to Personalized Medicine?

et al. 2018

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Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience unique patterns in their lifetime, such as the start of dialysis and renal transplantation. In addition, there is also an intricate link between ESRD and biological time patterns. In terms of cyclic patterns, the circadian blood pressure (BP) rhythm can be flattened, contributing to allostatic load, whereas the circadian temperature rhythm is related to the decline in BP during hemodialysis (HD). Seasonal variations in BP and interdialytic-weight gain have been observed in ESRD patients in addition to a profound relative increase in mortality during the winter period. Moreover, nonphysiological treatment patters are imposed in HD patients, leading to an excess mortality at the end of the long interdialytic interval. Recently, new evidence has emerged on the prognostic impact of trajectories of common clinical and laboratory parameters such as BP, body temperature, and serum albumin, in addition to single point in time measurements. Backward analysis of changes in cardiovascular, nutritional, and inflammatory parameters before the occurrence as hospitalization or death has shown that changes may already occur within months to even 1–2 years before the event, possibly providing a window of opportunity for earlier interventions. Disturbances in physiological variability, such as in heart rate, characterized by a loss of fractal patterns, are associated with increased mortality. In addition, an increase in random variability in different parameters such as BP and sodium is also associated with adverse outcomes. Novel techniques, based on time-dependent analysis of variability and trends and interactions of multiple physiological and laboratory parameters, for which machine-learning approaches may be necessary, are likely of help to the clinician in the future. However, upcoming research should also evaluate whether dynamic patterns observed in large epidemiological studies have relevance for the individual risk profile of the patient.

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Cutaneous warming promotes sleep onset

Cited by 147 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of airflow on body temperatures and sleep stages in a warm humid climate

Effects of airflow on body temperatures and sleep stages in a warm humid climate

Alterations in diurnal rhythmicity in patients treated for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma: a controlled study and literature review

Cycles, Arrows and Turbulence: Time Patterns in Renal Disease, a Path from Epidemiology to Personalized Medicine?

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