Cuticular hydrocarbons of Tribolium castaneum: Effects of the food additive tricalcium phosphate

Baker, James E.; Sukkestad, Dennis R.; Woo, S.M.; Nelson, Dennis R.

doi:10.1016/0020-1790(78)90068-9

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Acclimation of these lipids to high temperatures or acclimation of insects to desiccating conditions (Edney 1977) may have a better correlation to water loss (Gibbs 1998). The cuticular lipids of many stored-product insects have been characterized (Baker 1978, Baker et al 1978aBaker et al 1979a, b;Baker andNelson 1981, Baker et al 1984). The water-proofing abilities of these lipids is poorly understood (Gibbs 1998).…”

Section: Mode Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Inert Dusts

Subramanyam¹,

Roesli²

2000

Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM

169

143

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Section: Mode Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Inert Dusts

Subramanyam¹,

Roesli²

2000

Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM

169

143

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“…The parasitoid uses the CHCs of the host larvae for host finding at short range by following CHC trails laid by larvae on the substrate (Fürstenau and Hilker 2017 ). The CHC profiles of some other potential host species of H. sylvanidis have also been chemically analyzed in the past (Baker et al 1978 ; Howard et al 1995 ; Lockey 1978 ), but their influence on host recognition or host selection of parasitoids has not yet been examined. Therefore, it is still unknown, whether H. sylvanidis recognizes suitable host larvae by a CHC pattern, which different host species have in common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Methyl-Branched Cuticular Hydrocarbons for Successful Host Recognition by the Larval Ectoparasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis

et al. 2020

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Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of host insects are used by many parasitic wasps as contact kairomones for host location and recognition. As the chemical composition of CHCs varies from species to species, the CHC pattern represents a reliable indicator for parasitoids to discriminate host from non-host species. Holepyris sylvanidis is an ectoparasitoid of beetle larvae infesting stored products. Previous studies demonstrated that the larval CHC profile of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, comprises long chain linear and methyl-branched alkanes (methyl alkanes), which elicit trail following and host recognition in H. sylvanidis. Here we addressed the question, whether different behavioral responses of this parasitoid species to larvae of other beetle species are due to differences in the larval CHC pattern. Our study revealed that H. sylvanidis recognizes and accepts larvae of T. confusum, T. castaneum and T. destructor as hosts, whereas larvae of Oryzaephilus surinamensis were rejected. However, the latter species became attractive after applying a sample of T. confusum larval CHCs to solvent extracted larvae. Chemical analyses of the larval extracts revealed that CHC profiles of the Tribolium species were similar in their composition, while that of O. surinamensis differed qualitatively and quantitatively, i.e. methyl alkanes were present as minor components on the cuticle of all Tribolium larvae, but were absent in the O. surinamensis CHC profile. Furthermore, the parasitoid successfully recognized solvent extracted T. confusum larvae as hosts after they had been treated with a fraction of methyl alkanes. Our results show that methyl alkanes are needed for host recognition by H. sylvanidis.

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“…EfÞcacy of diatomaceous earth against stored grain insect pests is related to several physical properties of the material, including bulk density, effect on grain test weight, adherence to grain kernels, and SiO 2 content (Korunic 1997). Insects treated with inert dusts undergo lethal desiccation (Alexander et al 1944) thought to result from both abrasion of the cuticle surface and adsorption of lipid from the epicuticular lipid layer (Ebeling 1961, Ebeling and Wagner 1961. Baker et al 1978 demonstrated selective adsorption of cuticular branched-chain alkanes from insects treated with Þnely powdered tricalcium phosphate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Protect-It on Efficacy ofAnisopteromalus calandrae(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Parasitizing Rice Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Wheat

Perez-Mendoza

Baker²,

Arthur

et al. 1999

Environ Entomol

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The parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) was very sensitive to direct contact with Protect-It, an inert dust formulation containing 90% diatomaceous earth and 10% silica aerogel. LT 50 s at room temperature and humidity were 49 min (95% CL ϭ 48 Ð51) and 72 min (95% CL ϭ 69 Ð74) for males and females, respectively, in petri dishes containing 2.5 mg dust per square centimeter. Under the same conditions, adults of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a host of A. calandrae, were much less sensitive. Mortality of S. oryzae after a 24-h contact period was 50% for females and 62% for males. When tested in no-choice laboratory bioassays at 27ЊC, label rates of Protect-It (200 and 400 ppm) dusted onto hard red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (13.9% moisture content) that was infested with immature rice weevils reduced the longevity of parent A. calandrae females and signiÞcantly reduced parasitization of the weevils at 3 tested humidities, 43, 60, and 75% RH. Parasitoid progeny production was also signiÞcantly reduced. At 75% RH, 92.8 Ϯ 2.9 parasitoid progeny were produced in untreated wheat compared with 12.6 Ϯ 2.6 progeny in the treated wheat. Sex ratio of parasitoid progeny was not signiÞcantly affected by the dust treatments at any relative humidity. In two-choice tests in divided petri dish arenas, single A. calandrae females showed a strong avoidance of Protect-It-treated wheat and a signiÞcant preference for parasitizing weevils in untreated wheat. However, signiÞcantly more parasitoid progeny were produced in dishes in which one-half contained Protect-It-treated wheat and the other half contained untreated wheat compared with dishes in which both halves of the divided dishes held untreated wheat. Reasons for the Protect-It-stimulated oviposition response by A. calandrae are not known, but may be related to stress induced by the dust. In separate tests, there was no signiÞcant difference in emergence of weevils from treated or untreated wheat, regardless of the weevil age at time of dusting, or the relative humidity at which the dusted wheat was maintained. Our studies provide evidence that any natural control of pest insects exerted by local populations of parasitoids, or enhanced biological control by augmentative releases of parasitoids, would be adversely affected by the use of Protect-It or other diatomaceous earth products on stored grain.

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Cuticular hydrocarbons of Tribolium castaneum: Effects of the food additive tricalcium phosphate

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Inert Dusts

Inert Dusts

The Importance of Methyl-Branched Cuticular Hydrocarbons for Successful Host Recognition by the Larval Ectoparasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis

Effects of Protect-It on Efficacy ofAnisopteromalus calandrae(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Parasitizing Rice Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Wheat

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