Cutting-edge filler technologies to release bio-active components for restorative and preventive dentistry

Abstract

Advancements in materials used for restorative and preventive treatment is being directed toward "bio-active" functionality. Incorporation of filler particles that release active components is a popular method to create bio-active materials, and many approaches are available to develop fillers with the ability to release components that provide "bio-protective" or "bio-promoting" properties; e.g. metal/calcium phosphate nanoparticles, multiple ion-releasing glass fillers, and non-biodegradable polymer particles. In this review paper, recent developments in cutting-edge filler technologies to release bio-active components are addressed and summarized according to their usefulness and functions, including control of bacterial infection, tooth strengthening, and promotion of tissue regeneration.

Phosphate Ion Release and Alkalizing Potential of Three Bioactive Dental Materials in Comparison with Composite Resin

“…These ions can eliminate the microorganisms and cause deposition of apatite-like compounds at the tooth-restoration interface, which would increase the tooth resistance to acid attacks and prolong the clinical service of restorations in the oral cavity. Moreover, these materials can respond to pH alterations in the oral cavity by uptake or release of calcium, phosphorous, and fluoride ions and preserve the integrity of tooth structure as such [ 11 ].…”

Anti-demineralization characteristics of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler-containing varnishes

“…Also, the remineralization was affected by F − ion, when they were used in conjunction in enamel 27) . By the same mechanism, Sr 2+ ion released from S-PRG filler may play roles in the acid resistance and remineralization in dentin 28) . These fillers also release SiO3 2− ion, and silica and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have been reported to infiltrate into demineralized dentin, acting as seeds within the collagen matrix 29) .…”

Dental Applications of Carbon Nanotubes

“…To be effective in the oral cavity, a bioactive material must show characteristics which embrace the control of microbial infection, the strengthening of teeth, and have bio-promoting effects. These include control of inflammation, remineralization of teeth, and/or promotion of tissue regeneration [ 23 ]. In dentistry, these exogenous materials can be used in permanent restorations, for example as pulp-capping materials, for dentinal tubule occlusion, for scaffolding, and to promote tooth remineralization [ 24 ].…”