Cyanidin 3-O-glucopyranoside protects and rescues SH-SY5Y cells against amyloid-beta peptide-induced toxicity

Abstract

The amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide (1-42) aggregation into oligomeric and fibrillar species affects neuronal viability, having a causal role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Among dietary anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy-3G) and its metabolites, such as protocatechuic acid (PA), have gained attention as potential neuroprotective agents. In this in-vitro study, we demonstrated that Cy-3G, but not PA, can inhibit A beta1-42 spontaneous aggregation using thioflavin T fluorescence assay and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, treatment of human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells with Cy-3G during oligomeric and fibrillar A beta1-42 treatment prevents neuronal viability loss. These protective effects were still evident when Cy-3G treatment was initiated after the appearance of oligomeric A beta1-42 neurotoxicity. Taken together, these results suggest that Cy-3G may protect and rescue the neuronal cells from toxicity induced by A beta1-42.

Protocatechuic Acid and Human Disease Prevention: Biological Activities and Molecular Mechanisms

“…In these cells, the levels of GSH and the activity of catalase increase, while GPx activity remains unchanged, suggesting that PCA acts mainly as antioxidant [204]. This hypothesis has been confirmed by Tarozzi et al [205] that have demonstrated the ability of cyanidin and PCA, but not of C3G, to inhibit mitochondrial function loss and DNA fragmentation. The potential protective effects of compounds generated during in vivo metabolism of ACNs has been the topic of comparative studies on the effects of different compounds in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.…”

“…neurons by interfering with the increase of [Ca(2+)], and by inhibiting glutamate release, generation of ROS and caspase-3 activity [208]. However, C3G, but not PCA, might protect and rescue the neuronal cells from toxicity induced by A , by inhibiting its spontaneous aggregation in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells [205]. A recent study has been aimed at investigating the protective effects exerted by PCA against apoptosis induced by oxidized lipids in intestinal Caco-2 cells [100].…”

Antioxidant and cognitive promotion effects of anthocyanin-rich mulberry (Morus atropurpurea L.) on senescence-accelerated mice and prevention of Alzheimer's disease

“…Cyanidin-3-O-glucopyranoside (Cy-3G), an anthocyanin that abundant in colorful vegetables and fruits, has recently been identified as neuroprotective phytochemicals. It decreases Aβ peptide-mediated cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neurocytes [34]. Cy-3G also could reduce cerebral ischemia and ageing-related neuronal deficits in animal model [35].…”

Protective effects of anthocyanins on the ectonucleotidase activity in the impairment of memory induced by scopolamine in adult rats

“…Interestingly, it was also shown to be a cognitive improvement in older humans (Krikorian et al, 2010). In line with this view, studies with the Cyanidin-3-O-glucopyranoside (Cy-3G), an isolated Antho and abundant in colorful vegetables and fruits, has recently been identified as potent neuroprotective phytochemical since this compound protects against Aβ peptide-mediated cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neurocytes (Tarozzi et al, 2008(Tarozzi et al, , 2007(Tarozzi et al, , 2010 and also can reduce cerebral ischemia damage and age-related neuronal deficits (Shin et al, 2006).…”