Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside ameliorates cadmium induced uterine epithelium proliferation in mice

Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Supplement Improves Sperm Quality and Spermatogenesis in a Mice Model of Ulcerative Colitis

“…According to the pre-experimental optimization methods of our laboratory [ 32 , 38 , 40 ], C3G was extracted from the black soybean peels with acidic hydrous ethanol and then purified by macroporous resin (Rohmand Haas, Philadelphia, PA, United States) and medium pressure liquid chromatography (Li Sui Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China) The final purity of C3G applied in this study was >95%, determined by HPLC-MS/MS (Shimadzu co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) [ 32 ].…”

“…Current studies of anthocyanins have focused on six major classes of anthocyanins: pelargonidin, peonidin, cyanidin, malvidin, petunidin and delphinidin [ 30 ]. Cyanidin-3- O -glucoside (C3G), which is the principal form of anthocyanin pigments in nature, has colitis alleviation [ 31 ] and male reproductive protection properties [ 32 ]. Growing body studies provide strong evidence that C3G ameliorates intestinal inflammation and restores intestinal structure and morphology so as to alleviate colitis [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

“…Growing body studies provide strong evidence that C3G ameliorates intestinal inflammation and restores intestinal structure and morphology so as to alleviate colitis [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Early studies from our team have shown that C3G may have the ability to mitigate reproductive toxicity caused by chemical poisons [ 32 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Nevertheless, relatively little attention has been focused on C3G protecting male reproduction in a mice model of chronic ulcerative colitis.…”

Malvidin-3-O-Glucoside Ameliorates Cadmium-Mediated Cell Dysfunction in the Estradiol Generation of Human Granulosa Cells

“…Mounting evidence illustrated that women in Cd-contaminated areas experience irregular periods, difficult pregnancies, early deliveries, and stillbirths [ 6 , 7 ]. Additionally, animal studies also documented that Cd can threaten the reproductive system of female rats (0.09–4.5 mg/kg Cd orally per day) and mice (5–6 mg/kg Cd orally per day), manifesting as a broken ovary structure and disrupted estradiol (E2) secretion, which is responsible for the regular development and homeostasis of the female reproductive system [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. It is worth noting that the ovarian granulosa cell, as the factory of estrogen production, is one of the targets of Cd in females, in which mitochondrial malfunction, estrogen attenuation, and induced apoptosis were persistent in the presence of Cd exposure [ 11 ].…”

“…Anthocyanins are present in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and flowers; they have been linked to significant health-promoting properties, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, anti-cancer, and so on [ 12 ]. Researchers speculate that anthocyanins can directly chelate Cd under the intermolecular interaction at B-ring hydroxy group sites to lower Cd levels in mice and shield the body from the corresponding harm [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] Our previous study demonstrated that anthocyanins could ameliorate Cd-induced abnormal endometrial epithelial cell proliferation in mice by inhibiting estrogen response genes, thereby preventing Cd-induced female reproductive toxicity [ 10 ]. However, the effectiveness of anthocyanins in protecting against ovarian dysfunction induced by Cd is unclear.…”