Cyanidine-3-O-Galactoside Enriched <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis via Down-Regulation of Adipogenic Transcription Factors and Their Target Genes in 3T3-L1 Cells

Abstract

Aronia melamocarpa (AM) is a rich source of anthocyanins, which are known to help prevent obesity. The cyanidine-3-O-galactoside enriched AM extract (AM-Ex) containing more cyanidine-3-O-galactoside than conventional AM extract was recently developed. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of AM-Ex on adipogenesis and its action mechanisms in vitro using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To examine the anti-obesity effect of AM-Ex, 3T3-L1 cells were induced adipocyte differentiation and incubated with various concentration of AM-Ex. Lipid accumulation, cellular triglyceride content, mRNA expression of transcription factors and adipogenic genes were analyzed. Treatment with 100-400 μg/mL of AM-Ex resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation. mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 were decreased. The level of gene expression of adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes, such as adipocyte protein 2, lipoprotein lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ATP-citrate lyase and fatty acid synthase were decreased. These results suggest that AM-Ex alleviated risk factors related to obesity by modulating multiple pathways associated with adipogenesis.

Cyanidin-3-O-Galactoside-Enriched Aronia melanocarpa Extract Attenuates Weight Gain and Adipogenic Pathways in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice

“…When extracted with the new extraction method, the content of cyanidin-3- O -galactoside was 2408 mg/100 g, which was about 2.4 times higher than that of conventional methods. Our in vitro studies using 3T3-L1 cells showed that this AM-Ex inhibited adipogenesis [26]. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity properties of cyanidin-3- O -galactoside-enriched AM-Ex in an in vivo system.…”

“…AM-Ex was prepared by Wellfine Co., Ltd (Hoengseong, Gangwon, Korea). according to the method described previously [26]. In brief, the freeze-dried powder of Aronia melanocarpa Nero fruits was extracted with 70% ethanol by adding 100 g of the dried powder to 2 L of 70% ethanol using a high pressure homogenizer (Micronox, Seongnam, Korea) at room temperature.…”

“…By changing the extraction conditions of Aronia melanocarpa , we developed an Aronia melanocarpa extract with a much higher content of cyanidin-3- O -galactoside than that produced by conventional methods. In vitro studies with 3T3-L1 adipocytes have shown that cyanidin-3- O -galactoside-enriched Aronia melanocarpa extract (AM-Ex) inhibited adipogenesis by down-regulation of adipogenic transcription factors and their target genes [26]. The current study was conducted to confirm the efficacy of AM-Ex in an in vivo system.…”

Cydonia oblonga Miller fruit extract exerts an anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating the AMPK signaling pathway

“…After 8 days of differentiation and treatment with COME, the total RNA in the cells was extracted, reverse transcribed, and real-time RT-PCR was conducted using a QuantiNova SYBR Green PCR kit (Qiagen) and a Rotor-gene 3000 PCR (Corbett Research, Mortlake, Australia), as reported elsewhere [ 27 ]. Table 1 lists the sequences of the PCR primers utilized in this study.…”