Cyanotoxin production and phylogeny of benthic cyanobacterial strains isolated from the northeast of Brazil

Borges, Hugo; Branco, Luis Henrique Zanini; Martins, Mariéllen Dornelles; Lima, Cristiano Souza; Barbosa, Phillipe Thiago Leite; Lira, Giulliari Allan S. T.; Bittencourt-Oliveira, M. C.; Molica, Renato José Reis

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2015.01.003

Cited by 77 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Such co-occurrences of cyanotoxins have recently been reported in ponds/lakes [57,58,59,60], drinking water reservoirs [61,62], rivers [63], and brackish waters [64]. These mixtures, consisting of chemicals that often exhibit different modes of biochemical action, are sources of contamination with potentially important but currently poorly defined health implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Stressors at the Land-Sea Interface: Cyanotoxins at the Land-Sea Interface in the Southern California Bight

Tatters

Howard

Nagoda

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Blooms of toxic cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems have received considerable attention in recent years, but their occurrence and potential importance at the land-sea interface has not been widely recognized. Here we present the results of a survey of discrete samples conducted in more than fifty brackish water sites along the coastline of southern California. Our objectives were to characterize cyanobacterial community composition and determine if specific groups of cyanotoxins (anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, nodularins, and saxitoxins) were present. We report the identification of numerous potentially harmful taxa and the co-occurrence of multiple toxins, previously undocumented, at several locations. Our findings reveal a potential health concern based on the range of organisms present and the widespread prevalence of recognized toxic compounds. Our results raise concerns for recreation, harvesting of finfish and shellfish, and wildlife and desalination operations, highlighting the need for assessments and implementation of monitoring programs. Such programs appear to be particularly necessary in regions susceptible to urban influence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Stressors at the Land-Sea Interface: Cyanotoxins at the Land-Sea Interface in the Southern California Bight

Tatters

Howard

Nagoda

et al. 2017

Toxins

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“…() identified STXs attributable to benthic cyanobacteria in 7% of wadeable streams surveyed in California, USA. A recent study of benthic cyanobacteria in Brazilian rivers and reservoirs identified STX genes and toxin in strains of Phormidium , Cylindrospermum and Geitlerinema for the first time (Borges et al ., ). In a study of Finnish lakes and brackish coastal waters, the genes involved in STX biosynthesis were detected on average in 31% of samples collected (Savela et al ., ).…”

Section: Overview Of Cyanotoxins and Their Putative Environmental Drimentioning

confidence: 97%

Moving towards adaptive management of cyanotoxin‐impaired water bodies

Paerl

Otten

Joyner

2016

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryThe cyanobacteria are a phylum of bacteria that have played a key role in shaping the Earth's biosphere due to their pioneering ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis. Throughout their history, cyanobacteria have experienced major biogeochemical changes accompanying Earth's geochemical evolution over the past 2.5+ billion years, including periods of extreme climatic change, hydrologic, nutrient and radiation stress. Today, they remain remarkably successful, exploiting human nutrient over‐enrichment as nuisance “blooms.” Cyanobacteria produce an array of unique metabolites, the functions and biotic ramifications of which are the subject of diverse ecophysiological studies. These metabolites are relevant from organismal and ecosystem function perspectives because some can be toxic and fatal to diverse biota, including zooplankton and fish consumers of algal biomass, and high‐level consumers of aquatic food sources and drinking water, including humans. Given the long history of environmental extremes and selection pressures that cyanobacteria have experienced, it is likely that that these toxins serve ecophysiological functions aimed at optimizing growth and fitness during periods of environmental stress. Here, we explore the molecular and ecophysiological mechanisms underlying cyanotoxin production, with emphasis on key environmental conditions potentially controlling toxin production. Based on this information, we offer potential management strategies for reducing cyanotoxin potentials in natural waters; for cyanotoxins with no clear drivers yet elucidated, we highlight the data gaps and research questions that are still lacking. We focus on the four major classes of toxins (anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, microcystins and saxitoxins) that have thus far been identified as relevant from environmental health perspectives, but caution there may be other harmful metabolites waiting to be elucidated.

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“…Other PST-producing cyanobacteria encountered elsewhere in the world include Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszyńska) Seenayya & Subba Raju (Lagos et al, 1999), Dolichospermum circinale (Rabenhorst ex Bornet & Flahault) P. Wacklin, L. Hoffmann & J. Komárek (formerly Anabaena circinalis, Wacklin et al, 2009) and Plectonema wollei Farlow ex Gomont (Carmichael et al, 1997), Raphidiopsis brookii Hill (Yunes et al, 2009), Scytonema sp. (Smith et al, 2011), Geitlerinema spp., Phormidium uncinatum Gomont ex Gomont, and Cylindrospermum stagnale Bornet & Flahault (Borges et al, 2015). Of the above mentioned species, C. raciborskii is commonly found also in European lakes, including Poland (Kokociński and Soininen, 2012), but has not been associated with PST production in Europe to date.…”

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confidence: 99%

First report of cyanobacterial paralytic shellfish toxin biosynthesis genes and paralytic shellfish toxin production in Polish freshwater lakes

et al. 2017

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In central and southern Europe, Aphanizomenon spp., A. gracile Lemmermann in particular, have been associated with paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) production. In western Poland, A. gracile is very common, and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszyńska) Seenayya & Subba Raju, another potentially PST-producing species, is often found as well. To date it is, however, unknown if the cyanobacterial populations in this area harbour the genetic capability to produce PSTs, and to what extent toxin biosynthesis occurs. The objective of this study was to survey the prevalence of potentially PST-producing cyanobacteria by measuring paralytic shellfish toxin biosynthesis gene sxtB copy numbers, sxtA, sxtG and sxtS gene presence, and PST concentrations in Polish freshwater lakes. In total, 34 lakes in western Poland were sampled twice during summer 2010. The presence of PST biosynthesis genes sxtA, sxtG and sxtS was determined using conventional qualitative PCR. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to measure sxtB copy numbers, and the samples were analysed for PSTs using ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography with post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Cyanobacteria carrying the sxtB gene were present in 23.5% of all samples (n=16) and in 14 lakes of the studied 34. Gene copy numbers ranged from 8.2×104 to 5.1×107 sxtB copies L-1 (mean 3.8×106). The median was 4.5×105 sxtB gene copies L-1 and the majority of results clustered at the lower end of the sxtB qPCR linear range. In 12 out of the 16 samples positive for sxtB the gene co-occurred with the other three targeted PST biosynthesis genes sxtA, sxtG and sxtS. However, five additional samples lacked one or two of the targeted four genes. Thirteen samples contained PSTs, of which 12 samples at levels <0.072 µg L-1, i.e., close to or below the quantitative detection limit of the HPLC-FLD method (0.01 µg L-1). One sample contained 0.57 µg L-1 saxitoxin, co-occurring with all four sxt genes studied. No correlation between PST and sxt gene occurrence or copy numbers was observed. A. gracile and C. raciborskii occurred in 92% and 50% of samples, respectively, containing PSTs, sxt genes or both. In conclusion, the results confirm that potential PST producers constitute an established subpopulation of cyanobacteria in Polish freshwater lakes. However, none of the sxt genes targeted in this study could serve as a reliable marker for active PST biosynthesis.

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Cyanotoxin production and phylogeny of benthic cyanobacterial strains isolated from the northeast of Brazil

Cited by 77 publications

References 66 publications

Multiple Stressors at the Land-Sea Interface: Cyanotoxins at the Land-Sea Interface in the Southern California Bight

Multiple Stressors at the Land-Sea Interface: Cyanotoxins at the Land-Sea Interface in the Southern California Bight

Moving towards adaptive management of cyanotoxin‐impaired water bodies

First report of cyanobacterial paralytic shellfish toxin biosynthesis genes and paralytic shellfish toxin production in Polish freshwater lakes

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