Cyber Physical Systems for Industry 4.0: Towards Real Time Virtual Reality in Smart Manufacturing

Frontoni, Emanuele; Loncarski, Jelena; Pierdicca, Roberto; Bernardini, Michele; Sasso, Michele

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95282-6_31

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It should be noted that scheduling variables are not introduced in the optimization objective, as a real-time flow is only required to arrive at all its destinations within the deadline (not the sooner, the better). Moreover, the additional constraints of B max are shown below: (14) where…”

Section: B Optimization Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although time-triggered communication is wellestablished [10]- [12], the trend of IIoT brings new challenges from dynamic applications [13]. These dynamic applications occasionally introduce new requirements of data transmission in time sensitive networks, for instance, adding a plug-and-play device in the production line [14]. Therefore, a novel scheduling approach is required to schedule the new requirements without disturbing existing schedule, as schedule modifications may lead to a violation of latency and jitter bounds for the existing flows, resulting in unpredictable consequences [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive Group Routing and Scheduling in Multicast Time-Sensitive Networks

Gao

2020

IEEE Access

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Traditionally, industrial networks rely on field bus to support real-time applications. In the trend of industrial internet of things (IIoT), traffic load has increased dramatically, and industrial networks are moving towards time-sensitive networking (TSN), which is based on the widely used Ethernet. In TSN, the time-triggered mechanism is a promising technology for real-time control due to its ability to provide deterministic latency and jitter guarantees. However, this mechanism is mainly based on offline computed schedules, making it difficult to satisfy dynamic requirements in data transmission of IIoT. In this paper, we propose an adaptive group routing and scheduling (AGRS) approach in multicast time-sensitive networks. The framework of this approach contains three phases including pre-processing, schedule synthesis, and post-processing phases. While the pre-processing phase first prunes unnecessary links and adaptively groups qualified complete subgraphs of the network to obtain a simplified topology, the schedule synthesis phase then jointly considers routing and scheduling processes based on the simplified topology to improve schedulability. Finally, the post-processing phase handles the scheduling results of previous phases to generate a feasible schedule. Experiments show that our approach improves schedulability by 68% and reduces execution time by 74% for multicast time-sensitive networks compared with existing approaches. INDEX TERMS Integer linear programming, real-time scheduling, time-sensitive networks.

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Section: B Optimization Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Group Routing and Scheduling in Multicast Time-Sensitive Networks

Gao

2020

IEEE Access

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“…Regarding the HMI landscape in I4.0, there is some agreement among the authors in identifying virtual reality (VR) [36,37], and augmented reality (AR) [36,38] as the two main technological drivers of the new generation of interfaces [23,27,39]. Those technologies allow users to operate in complex 3D workspaces, providing an immersive and realistic visualization as well as a natural interaction [40] through multiple sensorial channels (e.g., vision, sound, touch, smell, taste).…”

Section: Human-machine Interaction In Industry 40mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Customer-Centric Additive Manufacturing: Making Human-Centered 3D Design Tools through a Handheld-Based Multi-Touch User Interface

Rodriguez-Conde

Campos

2020

Sensors

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Seeking a more flexible and efficient production, additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a major player in the industrial field, streamlining the fabrication of custom tangible assets by directly 3D printing them. However, production still takes too long due to printing, but also due to the product design stage, in which the customer works together with an expert to create a 3D model of the targeted product by means of computer-aided design (CAD) software. Skipping intermediate agents and making customers responsible for the design process will reduce waiting times and speed up the manufacturing process. This work is conceived as a first step towards that optimized AM model, being aimed at bringing CAD tools closer to clients through an enhanced user experience, and consequently at simplifying pre-manufacturing design tasks. Specifically, as an alternative to the traditional user interface operated with the keyboard and mouse duo, standard in CAD and AM, the paper presents a comprehensive multi-touch interaction system conceived as a customer-centric human-machine interface. To depict the proposed solutions, we adopt furniture manufacturing as a case study and, supported by a CAD-like software prototype for 3D modeling of custom cabinets introduced in a previous work of the authors, we assess our approach’s validity in terms of usability by conducting in-lab and remote user studies. The comparison between the designed multi-touch interaction and its desktop alternative yields promising results, showing improved performance and higher satisfaction of the end-user for the touch-based approach, that lay the groundwork for a smarter factory vision based on remotely-operated AM.

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“…A Digital Twin is a digital counterpart of a physical asset, which collects information via sensors and IoT devices and applies advanced analytics and artificial intelligence to gain real-time insights about the physical asset's performance, operation or profitability (Grieves, Vickers, 2017). Digital Twins are key for Cyber-Physical Systems comprising smart machines and storage systems capable of autonomously exchanging information, triggering actions and controlling each other independently (Frontoni et al, 2018). Bridging the virtual and physical worlds together in this way can also help Smart City applications to improve decision-making and reduce risks by predicting issues before occurrence (Mohammadi, Taylor, 2017).…”

Section: Time-dependent Properties In Application Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Requirement Analysis on Extending Semantic 3d City Models for Supporting Time-Dependent Properties

Chaturvedi

Kolbe

2019

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. Semantic 3D City Models are used worldwide for different application domains ranging from Smart Cities, Simulations, Planning to History and Archeology. Well-defined data models like CityGML, IFC and INSPIRE Data Themes allow describing spatial, graphical and semantic information of physical objects. However, cities and their properties are not static and change with respect to time. Hence, it is important that such semantic data models handle different types of changes that take place in cities and their attributes over time. This paper provides a systematic analysis and recommendations for extensions of Semantic 3D City Models in order to support time-dependent properties. This paper reviews different application domains in order to identify key requirements for temporal and dynamic extensions and proposes ways to incorporate these extensions. Over the last couple of years, different extensions have been proposed for these standards to deal with temporal attributes. This paper also presents an analysis to which degree these extensions cover the requirements for dynamic city models.

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Cyber Physical Systems for Industry 4.0: Towards Real Time Virtual Reality in Smart Manufacturing

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Adaptive Group Routing and Scheduling in Multicast Time-Sensitive Networks

Adaptive Group Routing and Scheduling in Multicast Time-Sensitive Networks

Towards Customer-Centric Additive Manufacturing: Making Human-Centered 3D Design Tools through a Handheld-Based Multi-Touch User Interface

A Requirement Analysis on Extending Semantic 3d City Models for Supporting Time-Dependent Properties

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