“…TEs can help PSTs develop the vocabulary, language, deep thinking, research, problem solving, and collaboration skills necessary to go from being passive consumers to well-informed information producers (Alvermann et al, 2015; Lapp, Fisher, Frey, & Gonzalez, 2014). To encourage this transformation, TEs can converse with PSTs to learn and to understand where they glean knowledge (Dredger, Myers, Sullivan, & Loveless, 2017; Loveless, Griffith, Berci, Ortleib, & Sullivan, 2014). Not only does this conversation support the student-centered nature of what has perennially been considered best practice in education, it is more important than ever due to the availability of online resources, fake news, and biased information (Berkowitz & Schwartz, 2016; Stanford History Education Group, 2016).…”