Cycas necrotic stunt virus isolated from gladiolus plants in Japan

Abstract

An undescribed spherical virus ca. 30 nm in diameter was isolated from gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.) plants in Japan. The virus had a moderate host range within eight families. Purified virus preparations contained two large RNA components and one coat protein with mobility similar to Cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) from cycas (Cycas revolute). The virus was serologically closely related to CNSV. Its nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene had 89% common identity with that of CNSV. These results indicated that the virus isolated from gladiolus is a new strain of CNSV. Key words Cycas necrotic stunt virus · Nepovirus · GladiolusIn Japan, four distinct viruses, Bean yellow mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, and Tobacco ringspot virus, were isolated from gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.) plants with virus-like symptoms as reported by Fukumoto et al. (1982). An unidentified virus with small spherical particles was also found in three samples (cvs.Topaz and Purple-Supreme) among these gladiolus plants.In this article we describe some properties of the spherical virus and the identification of the virus.A spherical virus was detected from 3 gladiolus plants (1 plant of cv. Topaz and two of Purple-Supreme) out of 72 plants with virus-like symptoms collected in Japan (Fukumoto et al. 1982). The three virus isolates retained similar properties after brief characterization, and an isolate from Purple-Supreme in Ibaraki Prefecture was selected as the type isolate for further characterization. Leaf extract prepared from leaves on the gladiolus by grinding with 0.05 M neutral phosphate buffer was first used to mechanically inoculate Chenopodium quinoa, then inoculum prepared from subsequently systemically infected C. quinoa leaves was used for subculturing the virus for characterization. Infected C. quinoa leaves contained ca. 30-nm diameter, spherical virus-like particles as seen with electron microscopy. The virus was registered with Genebank of MAFFIN as no. 307036.To determine the host range of the virus, we used sap for mechanical inoculation of plants in 32 species from ten families. All plants were grown in a glasshouse. Symptoms were monitored for at least 1 month after inoculation. As shown in Table 1, obvious systemic symptoms appeared on Glycine max (soybean), Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth), Zinnia elegans (zinnia), C. quinoa, Chenopodium amaranticolor, and some other plants. Local necrotic lesions were present on inoculated leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean), Petunia hybrida (petunia), and Sesamum indicum (sesame). When symptoms were not obvious, plants of C. amaranticolor or C. quinoa were backinoculated to check infection. In total, plants of 22 species in ten families were infected by the virus (Table 1), giving the virus a moderately wide host range.As described, the virus had spherical particles (ca. 30 nm in diameter) and infected Chenopodium spp. plants, producing a prominent mottle. Preliminary results using partially ...

High-Throughput Sequencing for Deciphering the Virome of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

“…), peony ( Paeonia lactiflora Pall. ), Easter lily ( Lilium longiflorum ), aucuba ( Aucuba japonica ), daphne ( Daphne odora ) and spring onions ( Allium fistlosum ) ( Kusunoki et al, 1986 ; Han et al, 2002 ; Ochoa-Corona et al, 2003 ; Hanada et al, 2006 ; Wylie et al, 2012 ; Lim et al, 2019 ; Shaffer et al, 2019 ). Until recently, CNSV had not been found in alfalfa.…”

Co-Infection of Tobacco Rattle and Cycas Necrotic Stunt Viruses in Paeonia lactiflora: Detection Strategies, Potential Origins of Infection, and Implications for Paeonia Germplasm Conservation

“…The symptoms we observed in the UMNA peonies infected with CNSV are similar to those reported for P. lactiflora with CNSV infection in New Zealand [ 23 ], and for tree peonies co-infected with CNSV and grapevine line pattern virus (GLPV) [ 17 ]. However, the foliar symptoms observed across all CNSV-infected cultivars were not equally developed, not even among biological replicates (plants of the same cultivar) planted adjacent to each other, which may reflect heterogeneity in viral properties, as reported among four CNSV isolates from gladiolus [ 38 ]. The roots of CNSV-infected plants at UMNA revealed symptoms like those described for Lemoine Disease in peonies [ 15 ], specifically, irregular swellings on tuberous and fine roots.…”

“…In Paeonia , it has been isolated from P. lactiflora [ 20 , 23 , 37 ], P. suffruticosa [ 17 , 18 ], and P. officinalis × P. lactiflora [ 24 ]. Since its discovery in a cycad species ( Cycas revoluta ) in Japan [ 36 ], CNSV has been found in angiosperms over a broad geographic range, including New Zealand, Australia, South Korea, Japan, and China [ 17 , 18 , 23 , 24 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Besides peonies, CNSV has been isolated from other angiosperm ornamental crops such as daphne ( Daphne odora , Thymeliaceae, [ 18 , 40 ]), as well as monocotyledonous gladiolus ( Gladiolus spp., Iridaceae, [ 38 ]), and Easter lilies ( Lilium longiflorum , Liliaceae, [ 41 ]).…”

“…Since its discovery in a cycad species ( Cycas revoluta ) in Japan [ 36 ], CNSV has been found in angiosperms over a broad geographic range, including New Zealand, Australia, South Korea, Japan, and China [ 17 , 18 , 23 , 24 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Besides peonies, CNSV has been isolated from other angiosperm ornamental crops such as daphne ( Daphne odora , Thymeliaceae, [ 18 , 40 ]), as well as monocotyledonous gladiolus ( Gladiolus spp., Iridaceae, [ 38 ]), and Easter lilies ( Lilium longiflorum , Liliaceae, [ 41 ]). Some reports mention that plants with confirmed CNSV infections usually show stuntedness [ 17 , 20 , 23 ].…”