Cycle life analysis of series connected lithium-ion batteries with temperature difference

Chiu, Kuan-Cheng; Lin, Cheng; Yeh, Sheng-Fa; Lin, Yuhan; Huang, Chih-Fang; Chen, Kuo-Ching

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.034

Cited by 132 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…9 This was explained by local temperature differences on the cell surface leading to aging gradients in the cell, which are expressed by local resistance variations in the aged cells. 9 In order to calculate the acceleration of chemical reactions under the consideration of temperatures varying with time, 14 one can use the integrated Arrhenius-law where k B is the Boltzmann constant and T(DOD) is the absolute temperature as a function of DOD and can be calculated from Figure 1c,d. The pre-exponential factor A and the activation energy barrier E a can be taken from cycling experiments with the same cell type.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Operando Measurement of Temperature Gradients in Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells during High-Current Discharge

Waldmann

Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens

2014

ECS Electrochemistry Letters

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The temperatures inside the jelly roll and on the surface of high-power 18650-type cells are investigated quantitatively. In-operando temperature measurements are conducted during discharge at rates in the range of 1C-12C. The experimental data are used to estimate local aging gradients inside the cell. The maximum temperatures on the cell housing and inside the jelly roll are correlated to the respective discharge currents, yielding clear linear dependencies over the whole current range. Using the collected data, a straightforward low-cost semi-empirical model is developed for prediction of the temperature rise inside cylindrical cells during discharge at different currents.Lithium-ion batteries are subject to aging reactions, which reduce their life-time. 1 Most of these aging reactions are accelerated by elevated ambient temperatures, following an Arrhenius-like behavior. 2,3 It is known from modeling studies that temperature gradients develop inside Lithium-ion batteries during operation. 4-6 Temperature gradients on the surface of Lithium-ion batteries have also been subject of measurements. [7][8][9] However, there is a lack of experimental data for temperatures inside Lithium-ion cells during operation. Such data would be very helpful for validation of models, prediction of aging gradients and thermal runaway prevention. Mutyala et al. developed a pouch cell with embedded temperature sensor. 10 The authors were able to measure a temperature rise during discharge and charge of this cell, however, they did not correlate it to other operating parameters. 10 Zhang et al. built 18650 cells with multiple embedded sensors to learn more about radial temperature distributions during discharge at rates lower than 3C. 11 We have recently shown that it is also possible to build a thermocouple inside the jelly roll of commercial 18650-type cells and measure the temperatures inside the jelly roll during discharge at rates as large as 16C. 12 In the present paper, we present in-operando temperature measurements inside the jelly roll of a commercial high-power 18650 cell during discharge at high currents. The data are used to estimate the magnitude of aging gradients in high-power cells. The maximum temperatures on the surface of the cell housing and inside the jelly roll are correlated with the discharge current. Finally, a straightforward semi-empirical model is presented to estimate the temperature rise in 18650 cells for a discharge with a sequence of different currents. ExperimentalCommercial 18650-type cells with a minimum rated capacity of 1.4 Ah were tested. The cells include a NMC/Mn-Spinel cathode and graphite anode. After discharging to 2 V by a constant current of 1A, a cell was opened inside an Ar-filled glove box and a temperature sensor was introduced into the cylindrical hole inside the jelly roll (see Figure 1b). Further details can be found in Ref. 12. The electrochemical tests were conducted by a Basytec XCTS system and a climatic chamber (Vötsch) held at 25 • C. Before each discharge step, the cells we...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Operando Measurement of Temperature Gradients in Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells during High-Current Discharge

Waldmann

Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens

2014

ECS Electrochemistry Letters

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“…At the same time, the stoichiometric windows linearly decrease and the SEI film resistance linearly increases with the cycle number, indicating that the Li inventory experiences continually loss. The main reason can be attributed to the SEI film formation, and the reaction formulas are given in [40] …”

Section: Summary Of Degradation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Analysis of Degradation Mechanisms in Cycle-Aged Graphite/LiCoO2 Batteries

et al. 2014

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Abstract:Non-destructive analysis of degradation mechanisms can be very beneficial for the prognostics and health management (PHM) study of lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, a type of graphite/LiCoO2 battery was cycle aged at high ambient temperature, then 25 parameters of the multi-physics model were identified. Nine key parameters degraded with the cycle life, and they were treated as indicators of battery degradation. Accordingly, the degradation mechanism was discussed by using the multi-physics model and key parameters, and the reasons for capacity fade and the internal resistance increase were analyzed in detail. All evidence indicates that the formation reaction of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film is the main cause of battery degradation at high ambient temperature.

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“…Theu nbalanced charging/discharging problemsa mong the series/parallel cells have been widely studied by experimental measurement and numerical simulation.I ng eneral, the nu-merical models of lithium-ionb attery packs can be divided into three classes,i ncluding the empirical model, [12,13] the equivalent-circuit model, [14][15][16][17][18] and the theory-based model. [19][20] Thee mpirical model often adopts derived equations from experimental data fittings to infer relationships among the battery parameters (e.g.,t he terminal voltage,o peratingc urrent, internal resistance, surface temperature,a nd SOC). Wu et al [12] proposed as emi-experimental model to calculate the discharging voltages and capacities of the pack and individual batteries.I nt his model, an empirical formula (V(t) = f [I(t), C(t)]) of the discharging voltage was pre-determined for each single battery without considering the battery temperature rise.T herefore,t his model failed to simulate the unbalanced charging/discharging process of the battery pack due to uneven cell temperatures.G ogoana et al [13] measured This work aims to make ac omparative analysis of the unbalanced discharging phenomenon for battery packs with series/ parallel configurationsd ue to the temperature differences among the cells.Atheoretically-based model is developed for the battery pack and constant powerd ischargingp rocesses are simulated by the model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22] Theory-basedm odels are oftene stablished by the basic control equations of lithium-ion batteries,a nd these models can essentially reveal the changem echanismso ft he charging/dischargingcharacteristics. [5,20,23] Although severalsimulation studies have been conducted for the lithium-ion batteries,v ery little work has been completed for series/parallel lithium-ion battery packs,e specially quantitative assessments of the imbalance in the discharging process.C hiu et al [19] developedatheory-based model for the series battery pack by integrating the electrochemical models of single batteries (without considering the battery heat-transfer equations), where the battery temperature rise is not considered. In our previousw ork, [20] at heory-based model was developed for the parallel battery pack and the constant-current discharging processes were simulated by the model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature Differences Among Cells on the Discharging Characteristics of Lithium‐Ion Battery Packs with Series/Parallel Configurations during Constant Power Discharge

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Energy Tech

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This work aims to make a comparative analysis of the unbalanced discharging phenomenon for battery packs with series/parallel configurations due to the temperature differences among the cells. A theoretically‐based model is developed for the battery pack and constant power discharging processes are simulated by the model. At a constant temperature difference, lowering the operating temperature increases the divergence among the cell terminal voltages for the series pack and the cell discharging currents for the parallel pack. Increasing the temperature differences decreases the dischargeable energy of the series battery pack, whereas it has little effect on that of the parallel configuration. Given the same temperature difference, the cell energy differences within the parallel battery pack are 5–10 times higher than those within the series configuration, which shows that the temperature can be maintained much more uniformly for a parallel battery pack than for series configuration.

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Cycle life analysis of series connected lithium-ion batteries with temperature difference

Cited by 132 publications

References 43 publications

In-Operando Measurement of Temperature Gradients in Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells during High-Current Discharge

In-Operando Measurement of Temperature Gradients in Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells during High-Current Discharge

Non-Destructive Analysis of Degradation Mechanisms in Cycle-Aged Graphite/LiCoO2 Batteries

Effects of Temperature Differences Among Cells on the Discharging Characteristics of Lithium‐Ion Battery Packs with Series/Parallel Configurations during Constant Power Discharge

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