Cyclic AMP in Urine, Kidney and Liver Following Long‐term Administration of Fluoride to Rats

Hongslo, Cecilie F.; Hongslo, Jan K.; Ekstrand, Jan; Holland, Roy I.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1983.tb01100.x

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our results are therefore in general agreement with those of OPHAUG HoNGSLO et al (11). Our results are therefore in general agreement with those of OPHAUG HoNGSLO et al (11).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…For example, fluoride may in higher doses cause a urinary concentration defect in rats (16,17) and man (18). However, in a recent study HONGSLO et al (11) found no effect on tissue content or urinary excretion of cyclic AMP following a similarly longterm treatment but with higher doses of fluoride. The plasma fluoride levels required seem to be in the range of 500-1000 ng/ml (20-50 |iM) (18,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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High doses of fluoride do not affect cyclic AMP levels in human and rat plasma or urine

Ekstrand

Waller

Forsberg

et al. 1986

European J Oral Sciences

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– The effect of fluoride ingestion on plasma and urinary cyclic AMP levels was studied in healthy volunteers, children undergoing prophylactic fluoride treatment and in rats. In the first series of experiments fluoride ingestion led to a 20‐fold increase in plasma fluoride concentration, which was unrelated to changes in plasma cyclic AMP. The only significant effect on plasma cyclic AMP occurred prior to fluoride, an effect attributed to stress. In the second series performed in children increases in urinary F‐ of up to 200‐fold were associated with slight but nonsignificant changes in cyclic AMP excretion. In rat experiments the blood sampling procedure was associated with a rise in plasma cyclic AMP. When this was prevented by pretreatment with propranolol (3 mg/kg), the effect of fluoride (50 ppm in the drinking water) was tested. A fall in urine production was not associated with any change in cyclic AMP excretion or in nephrogenic cyclic AMP. It is concluded that if fluoride alters cyclic AMP in rats and man the effect is small and easily masked by other factors such as catecholamine release following stress.

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“…Our results are therefore in general agreement with those of OPHAUG HoNGSLO et al (11). Our results are therefore in general agreement with those of OPHAUG HoNGSLO et al (11).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

High doses of fluoride do not affect cyclic AMP levels in human and rat plasma or urine

Ekstrand

Waller

Forsberg

et al. 1986

European J Oral Sciences

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“…172 Rats exposed to high concentrations of fluoridated drinking water (100 mg/ 1) for up to 8 weeks achieved blood fluoride levels of 0.12 mg/ 1, but exhibited no change in adenylate cyclase activity as evidenced by urinary concentrations or the daily excretion of cyclic AMP. 173 Squirrel monkeys were administered distilled water containing fluoride at 0, 1, or 5 mg/1 for 18 months. 174 The central nervous system, liver, and kidneys were examined histochemically.…”

Section: E Effects On Cellular Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride: Benefits And Risks of Exposure

Kaminsky

Mahoney

Leach

et al. 1990

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

136

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This summarizes current knowledge of the benefits and risks of fluoride ingestion. The preponderance of evidence indicates that fluoride can reduce the incidence of dental caries and that fluoridation of drinking water can provide such protection. Due to the ubiquitous nature of exposures to fluoride sources other than drinking water, it is currently impossible to draw firm conclusions regarding the independent effect of fluoride in drinking water on caries prevalence using an ecologic study design. Moderate dental fluorosis occurs in 1 to 2% of the population exposed to fluoride at 1 mg/l in drinking water and in about 10% of the population at 2 mg/l; moderate/severe fluorosis occurs in variable percentages ranging up to 33% of the population exposed to fluoride at 2.4 to 4.1 mg/l in drinking water. The issue of whether moderate or severe dental fluorosis represents an adverse health effect is still controversial. There is no evidence of skeletal fluorosis among the general U.S. population exposed to drinking water fluoride concentrations lower than 4 mg/l. Radiographically detected osteosclerosis after chronic exposure to fluoride in drinking water at 8 mg/l was not associated with clinical symptoms. Reports of crippling skeletal fluorosis associated with low concentrations of fluoride in drinking water in tropical countries have been attributed to other dietary factors. The available data suggest that some individuals may experience hypersensitivity to fluoride-containing agents. Further studies on hypersensitivity are required. There is no evidence of increased incidence of renal disease or renal dysfunction in humans exposed to up to 8 mg fluoride per liter in drinking water. Structural changes in kidneys of experimental animals have been detected at doses exceeding 1 to 5 mg fluoride per kilogram per day. Based on four case reports, individuals with renal insufficiency who consume large volumes of naturally fluoridated water at 2 to 8 mg/l are possibly at increased risk of developing skeletal fluorosis. Studies on the effects of fluoride in individuals with renal insufficiency are needed. There is no evidence that chronic exposure to concentrations of fluoride reported to be greater than 2 mg/l in drinking water increases human cancer mortality or incidence. A study of lifetime exposure to fluoride on cancer incidence in rats and mice has been completed, but assessment for cancer has not been completed. There is no evidence that fluoride is genotoxic except in some in vitro assays at cytotoxic concentrations. There is no in vivo evidence that fluoride affects human cellular enzyme activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Cyclic AMP in Urine, Kidney and Liver Following Long‐term Administration of Fluoride to Rats

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

High doses of fluoride do not affect cyclic AMP levels in human and rat plasma or urine

High doses of fluoride do not affect cyclic AMP levels in human and rat plasma or urine

Fluoride: Benefits And Risks of Exposure

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