“…Several Sn-based lead-free solder alloys have been proposed and studied to replace the Sn–Pb solders currently used in electronic packaging, as new global regulations such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances directive have been enacted. , Among the proposed alloys, Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu (in wt %) solder, called SAC305, has good performance and has been investigated extensively. − To successfully form solder joints between a solder material and a substrate for electronic packaging, surface-finishing technologies for substrates such as printed circuit boards have developed, including bare Cu substrates, organic solderability preservation (OSP), hot-air solder leveling, immersion Sn, immersion Ag, electrolytic Ni/Au, electroless Ni/immersion Au (ENIG), and electroless Ni/electroless Pd/immersion Au (ENEPIG). Until recently, low-cost and simple Cu or Cu OSP were the most commonly used surface-finishing technologies for forming solder joints in electronic packaging.…”