Cyclic Voltammetry in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review of Methods and Techniques Applicable to Clinical Settings

Wang, Hsiang-Wei; Bringans, Cameron; Hickey, Anthony J. R.; Windsor, John A.; Kilmartin, Paul A.; Phillips, Anthony R.J.

doi:10.3390/signals2010012

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…However, the cyclic voltammetry plot showed a high anodic peak above 0.5 V, which might be related to Fe 2+ oxidation to Fe 3+ or other interactions with biological molecules (i.e., ascorbic and uric acid, cysteine, or melatonin). [ 35,36 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Neurovascular Interface for Minimally Invasive Neural Recording and Stimulation

Fanelli

Ferlauto

Zollinger

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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time, led to the development of treatments for heavily impairing conditions following traumatic injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, or mental disorders. [1] Although the potential impact of neurotechnology is enormous, its clinical use nowadays is still limited. Many devices require invasive surgery, with related high risks that not always overcome the benefits for the patients. A big step in this direction has been the development of neurovascular interfaces which interact with the neural tissue from within blood vessels. Endovascular procedures are considerably less invasive, are routinely performed and allow for short recovery time. [2] Moreover, neurovascular interfaces do not require craniotomies, reducing the risks associated with the surgical procedure (e.g., susceptibility to seizures). These advantages could increase the chance of patients accepting the treatment.Neurovascular interfaces developed so far are wires or catheters used as electrodes. Even though these solutions opened the doors to endovascular neural recording and stimulation, their main limitations were the short-term application and the low spatial resolution. The introduction of stentelectrode arrays (e.g., Stentrode) overcame these issues, [2] and the advantages of this technology have been recently demonstrated in preclinical and clinical trials for brain-computer-interface. [3][4][5][6] Also, seventeen potential medical targets have been identified where intravascular neuromodulation could replace invasive deep brain stimulation protocols. [7] By accessing the internal cerebral vein or the anterior communicating artery, it would be possible to perform minimally invasive neuromodulation for a wide range of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, essential tremor, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. [7] Furthermore, neurovascular interfaces could be as well applied to the peripheral system for pain relief, motor deficits, bladder control, and stimulation of muscles, among others. However, the main drawback of stent-electrode arrays is the metallic scaffold. A conductive substrate for electrodes makes insulation critical and shortcuts frequent. [3] Also, metallic stents could induce a strong inflammatory response, that could reduce the performances of a neural interface. [8][9][10][11] For conventional stent technology, this limitation already led to the development of bioresorbable devices, allowing for a better interaction with the tissue and placement in mechanically solicited areas. [12] Neural interfaces are used to mitigate the burden of traumatic injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and mental disorders. However, the transient or permanent placement of an interface in close contact with the neural tissue requires invasive surgery, potentially entailing both short-and long-term complications. To tackle this problem, a transient neurovascular interface for neural recording and stimulation is developed. This endovascular array has been fabricated with facile molding techniques using solely polymeric mat...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Neurovascular Interface for Minimally Invasive Neural Recording and Stimulation

Fanelli

Ferlauto

Zollinger

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…At a maximum negative potential of −0.9 V, the maximum cathodic current is recorded (maximum negative current). Although reduction peaks at −0.2 V were observed for all experiments, the regions of maximum and minimum potential were of more interest because the peaks corresponded to the sample concentrations [ 46 ]. The peak anodic and cathodic currents had equal magnitude and opposite sign.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To find the optimum of S rate , the voltage was swept from −0.9 V to 0.9 V while E step was kept constant at 0.002 V and the S rate was varied from 0.004 V/s to 2 V/s. An optimum S rate of 0.004 V/s was selected, which allowed for accurate data (this value of S rate limits the non-Faradic current and therefore background noise, which affects the sensitivity of the voltammetry system [ 46 ]), sufficient current flow, and absence of time-dependent charging and discharging effects. This value gave the highest capacitance resolution, which can aid with distinguishing between cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Detection of Innate Immune Cells

Ahmad

Nasser

Olule

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Accurately classifying the innate immune players is essential to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the interactions between the innate and the adaptive immune systems. In addition, accurate classification enables the development of models to predict behavior and to improve prospects for therapeutic manipulation of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Rapid development in technologies that provide an accurate definition of the type of cell in action, allows the field of innate immunity to the lead in therapy developments. This article presents a novel immunophenotyping technique using electrical characterization to differentiate between the two most important cell types of the innate immune system: dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MACs). The electrical characterization is based on capacitance measurements, which is a reliable marker for cell surface area and hence cell size. We differentiated THP-1 cells into DCs and MACs in vitro and conducted electrical measurements on the three cell types. The results showed average capacitance readings of 0.83 µF, 0.93 µF, and 1.01 µF for THP-1, DCs, and MACs, respectively. This corresponds to increasing cell size since capacitance is directly proportional to area. The results were verified with image processing. Image processing was used for verification because unlike conventional techniques, especially flow cytometry, it avoids cross referencing and by-passes the limitation of a lack of specificity of markers used to detect the different cell types.

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“…The variation in the parameters of peak current (I p ) and peak potential (E p ) are the main tools utilized as a means to calculate the TAC value of antioxidants. It is used for determining the antioxidant activity of food, polyphenolic compounds [ 50 ], clinical samples [ 51 ], and pathological processes and infectious diseases [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Electrochemical Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Methodologies for Investigating the Antioxidant Potential of Plant and Fruit Extracts: A Review

et al. 2022

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In recent years, the growing research interests in the applications of plant and fruit extracts (synthetic/stabilization materials for the nanomaterials, medicinal applications, functional foods, and nutraceuticals) have led to the development of new analytical techniques to be utilized for identifying numerous properties of these extracts. One of the main properties essential for the applicability of these plant extracts is the antioxidant capacity (AOC) that is conventionally determined by spectrophotometric techniques. Nowadays, electrochemical methodologies are emerging as alternative tools for quantifying this particular property of the extract. These methodologies address numerous drawbacks of the conventional spectroscopic approach, such as the utilization of expensive and hazardous solvents, extensive sample pre-treatment requirements, long reaction times, low sensitivity, etc. The electrochemical methodologies discussed in this review include cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and chronoamperometry (CAP). This review presents a critical comparison between both the conventional and electrochemical approaches for the quantification of the parameter of AOC and discusses the numerous applications of the obtained bioextracts based on the AOC parameter.

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Cyclic Voltammetry in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review of Methods and Techniques Applicable to Clinical Settings

Cited by 38 publications

References 100 publications

Transient Neurovascular Interface for Minimally Invasive Neural Recording and Stimulation

Transient Neurovascular Interface for Minimally Invasive Neural Recording and Stimulation

Electrical Detection of Innate Immune Cells

Electrochemical Methodologies for Investigating the Antioxidant Potential of Plant and Fruit Extracts: A Review

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