Cyclodextrin‐Based Supramolecular Assemblies and Hydrogels: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Abstract

encompasses an array of noncovalent interactions that can yield highly complex and ordered structures. As a result of their wide availability and negligible toxicity cyclodextrins (CDs) are one of the most widely used hosts in the fi eld of inclusion chemistry. Usually composed of six to eight D -glucose units, CDs are capable of forming inclusion complexes with various guest moieties and polymeric chains. This capability is attributed to their ether-like oxygen and their hydrocarbon frame creating a hydrophobic cavity wherein appropriately sized molecules and macromolecules can be immobilized via tight, yet reversible associations. Using CD-based inclusion chemistry as a platform, a diverse range of polymeric networks with applications in the life sciences, biotechnology, and materials science can be achieved. This review highlights the versatility of CDbased inclusion chemistry, and how specifi city and control can be imparted when designing higher-order structures, such as those found in biological systems. A particularly interesting group of polymeric structures that is achievable via CD-based inclusion chemistry is that of CD-based The application of cyclodextrin (CD)-based host-guest interactions towards the fabrication of functional supramolecular assemblies and hydrogels is of particular interest in the fi eld of biomedicine. However, as of late they have found new applications as advanced functional materials (e.g., actuators and self-healing materials), which have renewed interest across a wide range of fi elds. Advanced supramolecular materials synthesized using this noncovalent interaction, exhibit specifi city and reversibility, which can be used to impart reversible cross-linking, specifi c binding sites, and functionality. In this review, various functional CD-based supramolecular assemblies and hydrogels will be outlined with the focus on recent advances. In addition, an outlook will be provided on the direction of this rapidly developing fi eld.

Tough polypseudorotaxane supramolecular hydrogels with dual-responsive shape memory properties

“…1 They can interact with various kinds of available guests such as adamantane, azobenzene and ferrocene to form host/guest complexes with a guest : host ratio = 1 : 1. [2][3][4] Considerable interest has been focused on CD-based sol-gel transition and self-assembly systems, [5][6][7] which are responsive to diverse stimuli such as temperature, [8][9][10][11] light, [12][13][14][15] redox 16,17 and metal ions. 18 Particularly, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a special guest of a-CD for polypseudorotaxane supramolecular hydrogels with biological compatibility and potential biomedical applications.…”

Advanced Polymer-Surfactant Systems via Self-Assembling

“…self-healing) after exposure to externally applied stimuli or shear forces increasing the life span of these materials [8,7]. The self-healing capability is highly dependent on the noncovalent connections in the polymer backbone and on the decomplexation and complexation of the supramolecular system [7,8,11,12].…”

“…self-healing) after exposure to externally applied stimuli or shear forces increasing the life span of these materials [8,7]. The self-healing capability is highly dependent on the noncovalent connections in the polymer backbone and on the decomplexation and complexation of the supramolecular system [7,8,11,12]. Therefore, supramolecular chemistry built on weak and reversible noncovalent interactions has emerged as a powerful and versatile strategy to design and fabricate materials with extraordinary reversibility and adaptivity with potential applications in diverse fields [8].…”

“…Self-assembly allows the coassembly of two or more types of building blocks, resulting in increasingly structurally complex nanoassemblies that may have physical and chemical properties that are distinct from those of the original monostructures [7]. Host-guest interactions refer to the formation of supramolecular inclusion complexes based on macrocyclic molecules (i.e.…”

“…These host-guest inclusions are relatively stable and provide reliable and robust connections for the fabrication of stimuli-responsive supramolecular systems [8]. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are the most used and affordable hosts in the field of inclusion chemistry [7,9,10].…”