Cyclone Nargis storm surge in Myanmar

Fritz, Hermann M.; Blount, Chris; Thwin, Swe; Thu, Moe Kyaw; Chan, Nyein

doi:10.1038/ngeo558

Cited by 169 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…High flow velocities of uprushing currents were inferred from a survivor video at Hernani, which approached for more than 1 min before receding (Gensis, 2013;Bricker and Roeber, 2015;Mas et al, 2015). Post-typhoon interviews with residents suggest that, similar to how TC Nargis had impacted Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Delta in 2008 (Fritz et al, 2009), the coastal population of Leyte and Eastern Samar lacked a proper understanding of the dimensions and devastating effects potentially connected with the term "storm surge". This lack of awareness is typically linked to the low frequency of such highest-magnitude events (Fritz et al, 2009), a relationship best described by inverse power-law functions (Corral et al, 2010).…”

Section: Coastal Flooding and Hazard Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

May¹,

Engel²,

Brill³

et al. 2015

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. Fields of dislodged boulders and blocks record catastrophic coastal flooding during strong storms or tsunamis and play a pivotal role in coastal hazard assessment. Along the rocky carbonate coast of Eastern Samar (Philippines) we documented longshore transport of a block of 180 t and boulders (up to 23.5 t) shifted upslope to elevations of up to 10 m above mean lower low water level during Supertyphoon Haiyan on 8 November 2013. Initiation-of-motion approaches indicate that boulder dislocation occurred with flow velocities of 8.9-9.6 m s −1 , which significantly exceeds depth-averaged flow velocities of a local coupled hydrodynamic and wave model (Delft3D) of the typhoon with a maximum < 1.5 m s −1 . These results, in combination with recently published phase-resolving wave models, support the hypothesis that infragravity waves induced by the typhoon were responsible for the remarkable flooding pattern in Eastern Samar, which are not resolved in phase-averaged storm surge models. Our findings show that tsunamis and hydrodynamic conditions induced by tropical cyclones may shift boulders of similar size and, therefore, demand a careful re-evaluation of storm-related transport where it, based on the boulder's sheer size, has previously been ascribed to tsunamis.

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Section: Coastal Flooding and Hazard Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

May¹,

Engel²,

Brill³

et al. 2015

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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show abstract

“…Goff et al [11] also analyzed tsunami run-up height, inundation distance, morphological changes, and sedimentary characteristics of deposits along the south west and east cost of Sri Lanka. Moreover tsunami impact in Maldives and cyclone storm in Myanmar were investigated by Fritz et al [12,13] through field surveys.…”

Section: Effect Of Salty Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Damage and Business Continuity Management in the Event of Natural Hazards: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka

et al. 2013

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Abstract:The Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami event on the 26 December 2004 has provided a unique and valuable opportunity to evaluate the performance of various structures, facilities and lifeline systems during the tsunami wave attacks. There are especially meaningful observations concerning the structural changes due to the tsunami forces, which open up a wide area of research to develop the mitigation procedure. The business restoration process of business companies in terms of buildings, facilities and lifelines have shown greater research interest. In this study, we investigated the restoration process of business sectors in East and South coastal region in Sri Lanka after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. A field survey was conducted in East and South coast of Sri Lanka, in order to study the affecting parameters to damage assessment in the restoration process of the business companies. The results of the questionnaire-based field survey are then compared with the statistical analysis results. Finally, the factors affecting the restoration process after the tsunami are identified. As a main conclusion, financial support could be OPEN ACCESS Sustainability 2013, 5 457 the most important reason for delays in restoration. Moreover, it has been observed that the tsunami inundation level of higher than one meter may have had more effect concerning the damage to the structures and requires additional time for restoration than other areas.

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“…Inundation of the Ayeyawady delta region during the cyclone Nargis in 2008 was one of the costliest and deadliest natural disasters ever recorded (Fritz et al, 2009;Seekins, 2009). Catastrophic monsoon-driven river floods are also common and devastating (Brakenridge et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Holocene evolution of the Ayeyawady megadelta

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The Ayeyawady delta is the last Asian megadelta whose evolution has remained essentially unexplored so far. Unlike most other deltas across the world, the Ayeyawady has not yet been affected by dam construction, providing a unique view on largely natural deltaic processes benefiting from abundant sediment loads affected by tectonics and monsoon hydroclimate. To alleviate the information gap and provide a baseline for future work, here we provide a first model for the Holocene development of this megadelta based on drill core sediments collected in 2016 and 2017, dated with radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence, together with a reevaluation of published maps, charts and scientific literature. Altogether, these data indicate that Ayeyawady is a mud-dominated delta with tidal and wave influences. The sediment-rich Ayeyawady River built meander belt alluvial ridges with avulsive characters. A more advanced coast in the western half of the delta (i.e., the Pathein lobe) was probably favored by the more western location of the early course of the river. Radiogenic isotopic fingerprinting of the sediment suggests that the Pathein lobe coast does not receive significant sediment from neighboring rivers. However, the eastern region of the delta (i.e., Yangon lobe) is offset inland and extends east into the mudflats of the Sittaung estuary. Wave-built beach ridge construction during the late Holocene, similar to several other deltas across the Indian monsoon domain, suggests a common climatic control on monsoonal delta morphodynamics through variability in discharge, changes in wave climate or both. Correlation of the delta morphological and stratigraphic architecture information on land with the shelf bathymetry, as well as its tectonic, sedimentary and hydrodynamic characteristics, provides insight on the peculiar growth style of the Ayeyawady delta. The offset between the western Pathein lobe and the eastern deltaic coast appears to be driven by tectonic-hydrodynamic feedbacks as the extensionally lowered shelf block of the Gulf of Mottama amplifies tidal currents relative to the western part of the shelf. This situation probably activates a perennial shear front between the two regions that acts as a leaky energy fence. Just as importantly, the strong currents in the Gulf of Mottama act as an offshore-directed tidal pump that helps build the deep mid-shelf Mottama clinoform with mixed sediments from the Ayeyawady, Sittaung and Thanlwin rivers. The highly energetic tidal, wind and wave regime of the northern Andaman Sea thus exports most sediment offshore despite the large load of the Ayeyawady River.

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Cyclone Nargis storm surge in Myanmar

Cited by 169 publications

References 7 publications

Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

Building Damage and Business Continuity Management in the Event of Natural Hazards: Case Study of the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka

On the Holocene evolution of the Ayeyawady megadelta

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