Cyclooxygenase-2 In Human Pathological Disease

Koki, Alane; Khan, Nasir; Woerner, B. Mark; Dannenberg, Andrew J.; Olson, Lisa; Seibert, Karen; Edwards, Dorothy; Hardy, Medora M.; Isakson, Peter C.; Masferrer, Jaime L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0193-0_28

Cited by 126 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Two isoforms of the COX protein, COX-1 and -2, exist; COX-1 is constitutively expressed in the majority of organs and cells, whereas COX-2 is generally absent and is induced upon stimulation by inflammatory stimuli, including endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This suggests that COX-2 is an inflammation-specific isoform (1)(2)(3). NSAIDs and COX-2 selective inhibitors are currently used to treat several inflammatory disorders (4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Chamaecyparis obtusa via the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway in rats

Kang

Yang

et al. 2013

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Essential oils are concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aromatic compounds from plants. In the present study, the essential oil of Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtusa), which is commercially used in soap, toothpaste and cosmetics, was extracted. Essential oil extracted from C. obtusa contains several types of terpenes, which have been shown to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of C. obtusa essential oil in vivo and in vitro following the induction of inflammation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in rats. While LPS induced an inflammatory response through the production of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) in the blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNCs), these levels were reduced when essential oil was pre-administered. Additionally, the mechanism of action underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of C. obtusa essential oil was investigated by measuring the mRNA expression of inflammation-associated genes. LPS treatment significantly induced the expression of transforming growth factor α (TNFα) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in rats, while C. obtusa essential oil inhibited this effect. Taken together, our results demonstrate that C. obtusa essential oil exerts anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the production of PGE 2 and TNFα gene expression through the COX-2 pathway. These findings suggest that C. obtusa essential oil may constitute a novel source of anti-inflammatory drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Chamaecyparis obtusa via the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway in rats

Kang

Yang

et al. 2013

Molecular Medicine Reports

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“…21 Forced COX-2 expression suppresses apoptosis by modulating the level of death receptor 5, an effect that can be reversed by COX-2 inhibitors. 21,22 Several studies have reported COX-2 overexpression in human colon cancers and adenomas, thus making COX-2 a potential target for chemoprevention trials. 23,24 In the current study, we assessed the prognostic value of c-Kit, COX-2, p53, and K-ras aberrations in patients who had stage II CRC with the specific objectives of identifying new molecular prognostic markers and identifying possible molecular target therapies.…”

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confidence: 99%

The prognostic value of c‐Kit, K‐ras codon 12, and p53 codon 72 mutations in Egyptian patients with stage II colorectal cancer

El-Serafi

Bahnassy

Ali

et al. 2010

Cancer

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BACKGROUND:The prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) depends mainly on standard clinicopathologic factors. However, patients with similar disease characteristics exhibit various outcomes, especially in stage II. Therefore, the identification of molecular prognostic markers is needed to predict patient outcomes. METHODS: The authors assessed the prognostic value of c-Kit (also called cluster of differentiation 117 [CD117] or KIT), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor protein 53 (p53), and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (K-ras) aberrations in 90 patients with stage II CRC using immunohistochemistry and molecular techniques. The results were correlated with standard clinicopathologic prognostic factors, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: COX2 and c-Kit overexpression was detected in 54.6% and 59.3% of patients, respectively. Overexpression of p53 was detected in 47 patients, including 29 who had mutations, and a unique mutation pattern was detected with 3 hotspots at codons 72, 245, and 273. Overexpression of ras was detected in 44 patients, including 37 who had mutations. On multivariate analysis, c-Kit overexpression, p53 codon 72 mutations, perforation, and performance status were independent prognostic factors for DFS (P ¼ .054, P ¼ .015, P < .0001, and P ¼ .043, respectively); whereas codon 12 K-ras mutation, performance status, and perforation were independent prognostic factors for OS (P ¼ .033, P ¼ .006, and P < .0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The current results provide evidence for the prognostic value of c-Kit overexpression in patients with stage II CRC. The high p53 mutation rate and the unique hotspot in codon 72 have not been reported previously in CRC. This may be related to environmental or racial features that are unique to the studied population. Cancer 2010;116:4954-64.

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“…Two isoforms of COX have been described: a constitutively expressed enzyme COX-1 present in most cell lines, and an inducible form, COX-2, expressed in response to cytokines, tumor promoters, and growth factors (15). Tumor cells with elevated COX-2 levels are angiogenic, invasive and suppressive of host immunity, and highly resistant to apoptosis (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth inhibition of non-small-cell lung carcinoma by BN/GRP antagonist is linked with suppression of K-Ras, COX-2, and pAkt

Hohla¹,

Schally²,

Kanashiro³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Cyclooxygenase-2 In Human Pathological Disease

Cited by 126 publications

References 9 publications

Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Chamaecyparis obtusa via the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway in rats

Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Chamaecyparis obtusa via the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway in rats

The prognostic value of c‐Kit, K‐ras codon 12, and p53 codon 72 mutations in Egyptian patients with stage II colorectal cancer

Growth inhibition of non-small-cell lung carcinoma by BN/GRP antagonist is linked with suppression of K-Ras, COX-2, and pAkt

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