Cylindrical Substratum Induces Different Patterns of Actin Microfilament Bundles in Nontransformed and in ras-Transformed Epitheliocytes

Levina, Elina; Domnina, L. V.; Rovensky, Yuri A.; Vasiliev, J. M.

doi:10.1006/excr.1996.0354

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…For example, active nematic theories predict the influence of substrate curvature on nematic structures . Thus, it will be important to study tissue behavior on out‐of‐plane 2D surfaces that mimic the corrugated surfaces cells encounter in vivo . Another example is the extracellular matrix, which is itself a fibrous material that can exhibit liquid crystalline properties .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the actin network that is the main cytoskeletal component driving morphological changes in the cell can form thick and nematically ordered actin bundles, i.e., stress fibers that anchor adherent cells to the substrate . The active remodeling and anisotropic mechanical properties of the stress fibers and the actin cytoskeleton have been found to influence cell migration and cell chirality, and can lead to the cellular sensing of their microenvironment, such as the sensing of substrate stiffness, substrate curvature, and stretch . For example, the phase transition of the actin network from an isotropic to nematic phase is dependent on the external stress when cells are spreading on soft or stiff substrates, and this contributes to substrate stiffness sensing ( Figure a) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Tissues as Active Nematic Liquid Crystals

Saw

Ladoux

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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Live tissues can self-organize and be described as active materials composed of cells that generate active stresses through continuous injection of energy. In vitro reconstituted molecular networks, as well as single-cell cytoskeletons show that their filamentous structures can portray nematic liquid crystalline properties and can promote nonequilibrium processes induced by active processes at the microscale. The appearance of collective patterns, the formation of topological singularities, and spontaneous phase transition within the cell cytoskeleton are emergent properties that drive cellular functions. More integrated systems such as tissues have cells that can be seen as coarse-grained active nematic particles and their interaction can dictate many important tissue processes such as epithelial cell extrusion and migration as observed in vitro and in vivo. Here, a brief introduction to the concept of active nematics is provided, and the main focus is on the use of this framework in the systematic study of predominantly 2D tissue architectures and dynamics in vitro. In addition how the nematic state is important in tissue behavior, such as epithelial expansion, tissue homeostasis, and the atherosclerosis disease state, is discussed. Finally, how the nematic organization of cells can be controlled in vitro for tissue engineering purposes is briefly discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Tissues as Active Nematic Liquid Crystals

Saw

Ladoux

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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“…Previous studies of the influence of curvature on cell behavior have focused on the motility of isolated cells in the context of tumor cell invasion789101112. Isolated fibroblasts seeded on small diameter glass rods (<200 μm) were shown to exhibit preferential elongation and alignment789, and preferential migration along the cylinder axis, leading to the concept of contact guidance as a possible mechanism for tumor cell invasion7.…”

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confidence: 99%

Brain microvascular endothelial cells resist elongation due to curvature and shear stress

Sanchez

Hultz

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

109

137

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The highly specialized endothelial cells in brain capillaries are a key component of the blood-brain barrier, forming a network of tight junctions that almost completely block paracellular transport. In contrast to vascular endothelial cells in other organs, we show that brain microvascular endothelial cells resist elongation in response to curvature and shear stress. Since the tight junction network is defined by endothelial cell morphology, these results suggest that there may be an evolutionary advantage to resisting elongation by minimizing the total length of cell-cell junctions per unit length of vessel.

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“…Two other cell lines were obtained in our laboratory from mesotheliomas developed in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal injections of chrysotile asbestos; cells ran 4-6 passages. IAR2 and IAR2-ras cell lines derived from rat liver epitheliocytes [16] were a gift from Dr. N. A. Glushankova (Laboratory of Carcinogenesis Mechanisms, Cancer Research Center, Moscow). IAR2 cells had epithelial morphology whereas IAR2-ras cells had a polarized shape.…”

Section: Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors secreted by peritoneal macrophages are cytotoxic for transformed rat pleural mesothelium and mesothelioma cells

Kravchenko¹,

Furalyov²,

Пылев³

2003

Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen.

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The report is devoted to the investigation of cytotoxic action of macrophages and asbestos on transformed mesothelium and mesothelioma cells, the characterization of its specificity, and the nature of the factors mediating it. The viability of different cells after asbestos exposure was studied in co-culture with macrophages. Mesothelioma cell lines obtained from tumors developed in vivo were the most sensitive to the cytotoxic action of macrophages and asbestos. Mesothelium cells of late passages and ras-transformed cell lines IAR2 and Rat1 were somewhat less sensitive, whereas untransformed cells of IAR2 and Rat1 lines and early passage mesothelium were low sensitive to that cytotoxic action. In experiments performed on Petri dishes with inserts that allowed treatment with asbestos of only one of two cell populations, it was shown that asbestos treatment of mesothelioma cells was necessary and sufficient for manifestation of cytotoxic effect (in the absence of macrophages asbestos caused very low cytotoxicity). The medium conditioned by macrophages was not cytototoxic by itself but it strongly enhanced cytotoxic action of asbestos on transformed mesothelium and mesothelioma cells but not on normal mesothelial cells and IAR2 and Rat1 cells (both normal and ras-transformed). The specificity of this augmenting effect for different toxicants was also investigated. It was shown that medium conditioned by macrophages enhanced cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide and sodium azide but not that of nonfibrous silicon dioxide, ethylmethanesulfonate, and sodium dodecylsulfate. The factor mediating this effect is thermolabile, non-dialyzable and protease-sensitive. Its m.w. is approximately 3-5 kD.

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Cylindrical Substratum Induces Different Patterns of Actin Microfilament Bundles in Nontransformed and in ras-Transformed Epitheliocytes

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Biological Tissues as Active Nematic Liquid Crystals

Biological Tissues as Active Nematic Liquid Crystals

Brain microvascular endothelial cells resist elongation due to curvature and shear stress

Factors secreted by peritoneal macrophages are cytotoxic for transformed rat pleural mesothelium and mesothelioma cells

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